KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES REGARDING MENSTRUATION HYGIENE MANGEMENT AMONG SCHOOL GIRLS

Abstract

Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) is a critical aspect of adolescent girls’ health, influencing reproductive health, school attendance, and overall well-being. Adequate knowledge and hygienic practices are essential to prevent reproductive tract infections and promote positive health behaviors. This study assessed menstrual knowledge, hygiene practices, and their association among schoolgirls in Nepal. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 260 schoolgirls aged 10–18 years from public, private, and community schools. Data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics, menarche age, menstrual problems, knowledge of menstruation and hygiene, and self-reported hygiene practices. Knowledge and practice levels were categorized as “good” or “poor,” and associations were analyzed using the Chi-square test. The majority of respondents were aged 13–15 years (66.9%), studying in grades 7–9, and predominantly Hindu (78.8%). Most parents were literate, and fathers were largely engaged in non-agricultural occupations. The mean age of menarche was 11–12 years. Common menstrual problems included heavy bleeding (30%), abdominal pain (26.2%), and irregular periods (25.8%), while 29.6% reported other reproductive health issues such as itching or abnormal discharge. Knowledge of menstruation was high, with 91.2% demonstrating good understanding of menstrual biology and hygiene, including proper use and changing of sanitary pads, and handwashing practices. Menstrual hygiene practices were good in 81.2% of respondents, although gaps were noted in drying reusable cloths and pad disposal. A significant association was found between knowledge and hygiene practices (χ² = 14.76, p < 0.001), with higher knowledge correlating with better hygiene behaviors. Most adolescent girls in this study exhibited good menstrual knowledge and hygiene practices. However, a minority displayed poor knowledge and inadequate hygiene, highlighting the need for targeted, school- and community-based interventions. Enhancing menstrual health education, addressing cultural misconceptions, and improving access to hygienic materials can further strengthen MHM and promote the overall well-being of adolescent girls.