THE COMMON SYSTEM OF SPEECH ACTIVITY VERBS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES AND THE PRINCIPLES OF THEIR CLASSIFICATION

Abstract

Speech activity verbs (nutqiy faoliyat fe’llari) form a core semantic and pragmatic class in both English and Uzbek, serving as lexical markers of human communicative acts. This article provides a detailed comparative analysis of the common system and classification principles of speech activity verbs in English and Uzbek. It examines semantic, pragmatic, and functional criteria used in each language’s linguistic tradition. The study reveals both universal patterns (e.g., encoding speaker intentions and illocutionary force) and language-specific features (e.g., Uzbek’s activity-based semantic grouping versus English’s illocutionary-force taxonomy). Within the anthropocentric paradigm, these verbs highlight language as a reflection of human social interaction, cognition, and cultural values. The findings contribute to contrastive linguistics, lexicography, language teaching, and the broader understanding of how languages categorize human speech behavior.