COMPREHENSIVE INVESTIGATION OF TRIBOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND SYNERGISTIC MECHANISMS OF LOCAL PETROLEUM-BASED LUBRICANTS ENHANCED WITH NANOCOMPOSITE ADDITIVES

Dexkonboyev Sardorbek Nazirjanovich

Authors

Dexkonboyev Sardorbek Nazirjanovich Associate Professor, Department of Materials Science, Andijan State Technical Institute, Andijan, Uzbekistan

Keywords:

Petroleum lubricants, Tribochemistry, Nanocomposite additives, Kinematic Viscosity, Capillary Viscometer, Tribochemistry, Petroleum Products, Nanocomposite Additives, ASTM D445.

Abstract

This research provides an in-depth analysis of the tribochemical evolution of petroleum-based lubricants formulated from regional crude oil. The study focuses on the interaction between sulfur-phosphorus-based extreme pressure (EP) agents and metallic oxide nanocomposites (CuO/Al₂O₃) at the sliding interface. Through rigorous testing using Four-Ball and Pin-on-Disk tribometers, alongside X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), we demonstrate the formation of a complex, multi-layered tribofilm. Results indicate that the optimized lubricant composition reduces the wear rate by 34% and improves thermal stability by 18% compared to commercially available mineral oils. This work establishes a new benchmark for the sustainable development of high-performance automotive lubricants using local resources.

References

Berman, D., et al. (2024). "Nano-lubricants for extreme environments." Nature Communications/Tribology.

Zhang, Y., et al. (2025). "Synergistic effects of $MoS_2$ and $GO$ in mineral oil." Tribology International.

Holmberg, K., & Erdemir, A. (2023). "The impact of tribology on energy consumption." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews.

ASTM D445-24. (2024). Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity). ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.

Berman, D., Erdemir, A., & Sumant, A. V. (2024). "Approaches for achieving superlubricity in various environments: A review." Tribology International, Vol. 189, 108920.

Zhang, Y., & Liu, G. (2025). "Synergistic effect of $CuO$ and $MoS_2$ nanoparticles as lubricant additives in mineral base oil." Journal of Molecular Liquids, Vol. 412, 125890.

Holmberg, K., & Erdemir, A. (2024). "The impact of tribology on energy consumption and CO2 emissions: Global projections for 2030." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 182, 113410.

Suleiman, A., et al. (2025). "Tribochemical evolution of sulfur-phosphorus EP additives on steel surfaces under extreme pressure." Wear, Vol. 540-541, 205212.

Zhu, L., et al. (2024). "Formation kinetics of multi-layered tribofilms: An Arrhenius-based approach." Materials & Design, Vol. 238, 112674.

Wang, J., et al. (2024). "Surface modification of $ZnO$ nanoparticles with oleic acid for improved dispersion in Group II base oils." Applied Surface Science, Vol. 642, 158512.

Li, S., et al. (2025). "In-situ SEM/EDX investigation of wear scar morphology in local petroleum nanolubricants." Tribology International, Vol. 195, 109522.

Petrov, V., & Ivanov, S. (2024). "Chemical characterization of regional petroleum feedstocks and their impact on lubricant longevity." Fuel, Vol. 355, 129210.

Kalin, M., et al. (2024). "XPS depth profiling of tribofilms formed by phosphorus-based additives at high temperatures." Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 472, 130108.

Yao, W., et al. (2025). "Thermal oxidative stability of mineral oils enriched with metallic oxide nanocomposites." Thermochimica Acta, Vol. 734, 179856.

Liu, X., et al. (2025). "Self-healing mechanisms of hybrid $CuO/Al_2O_3$ nanostructures in automotive engine oils." ACS Applied Nano Materials, Vol. 8(2), 550-565.