RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A CONTEMPORARY REVIEW OF ETIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS, AND THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES

Abdullayev Shahzodbek Farxodovich

Authors

Abdullayev Shahzodbek Farxodovich Asia International University

Keywords:

rheumatoid arthritis, etiology, pathogenesis, synovial inflammation, anti-citrullinated protein antibodies, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, JAK inhibitors, biological therapy.

Abstract

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease characterised by synovial inflammation, progressive cartilage and bone erosion, and extra-articular organ involvement. Despite major therapeutic advances over the past two decades, a substantial proportion of patients fail to achieve sustained remission, underscoring the need for a continuously updated understanding of its multifactorial etiology, complex immunopathogenesis, and the mechanistic basis of current and emerging therapies.

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