1-TIP QANDLI DIABETDA YUZAGA KELADIGAN MIKROVASKULYAR ASORATLARNI KELIB CHIQISH MEXANIZMLARINI O‘RGANISH

MAHLIYO A. ALISHEROVA; O‘tkirov Biloliddin

Authors

MAHLIYO A. ALISHEROVA Toshkent davlat tibbiyot universiteti, Tibbiy radiologiya kafedrasi assistenti, Toshkent, O‘zbekiston
O‘tkirov Biloliddin Toshkent davlat tibbiyot universiteti, Davolash fakulteti talabasi, Toshkent, O‘zbekiston

Keywords:

1-tip qandli diabet, mikrovaskulyar asoratlar, diabetik nefropatiya, diabetik retinopatiya, diabetik neyropatiya, glyukemik nazorat.

Abstract

1-tip qandli diabet (T1DM) bilan og‘rigan bemorlarda uzoq muddatli giperglikemiya turli a’zo va tizimlarda jiddiy asoratlarga olib keladi. Ushbu asoratlar makrovaskulyar (yurak-qon tomir kasalliklari) va mikrovaskulyar (nefropatiya, retinopatiya, neyropatiya) turlarga bo‘linadi. Ushbu maqolaning maqsadi 1-tip qandli diabet (T1DM) bilan og‘rigan bemorlarda rivojlanadigan asosiy mikrovaskulyar asoratlarni kompleks tahlil qilishdan iborat. Tadqiqotda 2015–2025 yillar oralig‘ida nashr etilgan T1DM va mikrovaskulyar asoratlarga oid klinik tadqiqotlar, kohortli va meta-tahlil maqolalari tizimli tahlil qilindi. Mikrovaskulyar asoratlar rivojlanishida uzoq muddatli giperglikemiya (HbA1c >7,5%) asosiy xavf omili hisoblanadi. Giperglikemiya natijasida sorbitol yo‘lining faollashuvi, ilg‘or glikatsiya yakuniy mahsulotlari (AGE) hosil bo‘lishi, protein kinaz C (PKC) aktivatsiyasi, oksidativ stress va endotelial disfunktsiya kabi bir nechta molekulyar mexanizmlar faollashadi. Diabetik nefropatiya T1DM bilan og‘rigan bemorlarning 20–40% ida, diabetik retinopatiya 30–50% ida, diabetik neyropatiya esa 40–60% ida rivojlanadi. Arterial gipertenziya (qon bosimi >130/80 mmHg) va dislipidemiya (LDL >2,6 mmol/L) asoratlar rivojlanishini 2–3 barobar tezlashtiradi. Yaxshi glyukemik nazorat (HbA1c <7,0%) asoratlar xavfini 30–50% ga kamaytiradi. Kasallik davomiyligi 20 yildan ortiq bo‘lganda nefropatiya 30–40%, retinopatiya 70–80%, neyropatiya esa 50–70% gacha tarqaladi. 1-tip qandli diabetda mikrovaskulyar asoratlar rivojlanishining oldini olishda intensiv glyukemik nazorat, qon bosimini normalizatsiya qilish va lipid profilini to‘g‘irlash muhim ahamiyatga ega. Asoratlarni erta aniqlash va kompleks yondashuv bemorlarning hayot sifatini yaxshilashda asosiy omillardir.

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