THE HUMAN LUNG UNDER THE MICROSCOPE: STRUCTURAL BASIS OF GAS EXCHANGE

Abstract

The lung is a vital organ responsible for gas exchange, providing oxygen to the body and removing carbon dioxide. Its histological organization is highly specialized, consisting of bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli, which together ensure efficient respiration. This article analyzes the microscopic structure of the human lung, highlighting the correlation between tissue architecture and respiratory function. Understanding lung histology is essential not only for medical students but also for clinicians, as structural changes in lung tissue underlie a wide range of respiratory diseases, including asthma, pneumonia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.