Theory of aging and cell senescence

Shokhistakhon Akbarkhujaeva

Authors

Shokhistakhon Akbarkhujaeva Lincoln University Collage (LUC), Malaysia

Keywords:

aging, cell senescence, aging of organs, lifespan, life expectancy, aging theories, programmed aging theory, error or damage theories, non-aging system.

Abstract

The process of aging is an irreversible one in which an organism undergoes various changes over time. Although some scientists may use the terms "aging" and "senescence" interchangeably, others differentiate between the two. Cells go through the aging process only at the end of their lifespan, while they can undergo the senescence process at any point in their life. Thus, as aging is a natural process, most organisms cannot prevent it. So there are some main questions why and how does aging occur?

References

Bruce R. Troen M. D. (2003) The Biology of Aging. The Mount Sinai journal of medicine Vol. 70 No. 1 January 2003

Lipsky, M. S., & King, M. (2015). Biological theories of aging. Disease-a-Month, 61(11), 460-466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.disamonth.2015.09.005

I. Valentin Petrescu-Mag, Marian Proorocu, Firuța C. Oroian. Jellyfish, aging and cancer research. Petrescu-Mag, I Valentin; Proorocu, Marian; Oroian, Firuţa C. Extreme Life, Biospeology and Astrobiology; Cluj-Napoca vol.13. 1, (Dec 2021): 2-6.

Matteo Tosato, Valentina Zamboni, Alessandro Ferrini & Matteo Cesari (2007) The aging process and potential interventions to extend life expectancy, Clinical Interventions in Aging, 2:3, 401-412, DOI: 10.2147/cia.S12159921

Milholland, B., & Vijg, J. (2022). Why Gilgamesh failed: The mechanistic basis of the limits to human lifespan. Nature Aging, 2(10), 878-884. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-022-00291-z

Jan Vijg, Eric Le Bourg; Aging and the Inevitable Limit to Human Life Span. Gerontology 17 August 2017; 63 (5): 432–434. https://doi.org/10.1159/000477210

Schmeer, C., Kretz, A., Wengerodt, D., Stojiljkovic, M., & Witte, O. W. (2019). Dissecting Aging and Senescence—Current Concepts and Open Lessons. Cells, 8(11), 1446. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8111446

STREHLER, B. Time, cells and aging. New York: Academic Press, 1982.

Sgarbieri, V. C., & Pacheco, M. T. B.. (2017). Healthy human aging: intrinsic and environmental factors. Brazilian Journal of Food Technology, 20, e2017007. https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-6723.00717

Mohamad Kamal, N. S., Safuan, S., Shamsuddin, S., & Foroozandeh, P. (2020). Aging of the cells: Insight into cellular senescence and detection Methods. European Journal of Cell Biology, 99(6), 151108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151108

Ewa Sikora, Anna Bielak-Zmijewska, Grazyna Mosieniak (2018). What is and what is not cell senescence? Laboratory of Molecular Bases of Ageing, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, PAS, Warsaw, Poland. Postępy Biochemii 64 (2–3) 2018

Ng, M., & Hazrati, L. (2022). Evidence of sex differences in cellular senescence. Neurobiology of Aging, 120, 88-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.08.014

Colloca, G., Di Capua, B., Bellieni, A. et al. Biological and Functional Biomarkers of Aging: Definition, Characteristics, and How They Can Impact Everyday Cancer Treatment. Curr Oncol Rep 22, 115 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-020-00977-w

Jin, K. (2010). Modern Biological Theories of Aging. Aging and Disease, 1(2), 72-74. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2995895/

Robert Arking (2006) The biology of aging, observations, and principles. Oxford university press 2006. Page 13-14

Bulterijs, S., Hull, R. S., Björk, V. C., & Roy, A. G. (2015). It is time to classify biological aging as a disease. Frontiers in Genetics, 6, 146606. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2015.00205

Flatt, T., Partridge, L. Horizons in the evolution of aging. BMC Biol 16, 93 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-018-0562-z