MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN TRAUMATIC BONE FRACTURES: IMPORTANCE AND ADVANTAGES

Abstract

Traumatic bone fractures remain a major cause of pain, disability, lost productivity, and long-term functional limitation worldwide. Over the past three decades, fracture surgery has undergone a substantial shift from extensive open approaches toward biologically respectful fixation strategies that preserve blood supply, minimize soft-tissue disruption, and enable earlier rehabilitation. Minimally invasive surgical technologies—such as minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO), closed or semi-closed intramedullary nailing, percutaneous screw fixation, and modern external fixation systems—have become central to contemporary trauma care. This article reviews the clinical rationale, core principles, major techniques, and practical benefits of minimally invasive fracture surgery. The discussion focuses on how these approaches reduce iatrogenic tissue damage, decrease infection and wound complications, support fracture healing biology, and accelerate return to function. Indications, limitations, training requirements, imaging considerations, and complication patterns are also addressed. Although minimally invasive fixation is not universally applicable, growing evidence and clinical experience suggest it can improve outcomes when used for appropriate fracture patterns, in suitable patients, and by trained surgical teams equipped with modern imaging and implants.