PREVENTION OF VITAMIN AND MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES IN CHILDREN'S NUTRITION: A COMPREHENSIVE HYGIENIC APPROACH

Abstract

Background: Micronutrient deficiencies, often termed "hidden hunger," pose a severe threat to child development in the Fergana Valley. Deficiencies in Iron, Iodine, Vitamin A, and Vitamin D are prevalent despite national fortification programs. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a comprehensive preventive program integrating dietary diversification, fortification, and nutritional education in preschool institutions. Methods: A cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted in 10 kindergartens in the Andijan region, involving 400 children aged 3–6 years. The Intervention Group (n=200) implemented a revised menu rich in micronutrients, used sprinkles (micronutrient powders), and conducted parental workshops. The Control Group (n=200) followed the standard state menu. Biochemical markers (Hemoglobin, Urinary Iodine, Vitamin D) and anthropometric data were assessed over 6 months. Results: At baseline, 32% of children were anemic, and 45% had mild iodine deficiency. Post-intervention, the prevalence of anemia in the Intervention Group dropped to 12% (vs 28% in Control, p<0.001). Vitamin D sufficiency levels improved significantly. Children in the intervention group showed a 25% reduction in respiratory infections and improved growth velocity compared to controls. Conclusion: A multi-sectoral approach combining food fortification with active hygienic education for caregivers significantly reduces the burden of micronutrient deficiencies. Localized strategies are essential to complement national programs.