MODERN UNDERSTANDING OF ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE AS A GLOBAL MEDICO-SOCIAL PROBLEM

Abstract

 English: Background: Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) remains the leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide, presenting a formidable challenge to healthcare systems and economies. This review article analyzes the modern epidemiological trends of IHD, highlighting its shift from a "disease of affluence" to a primary burden in low- and middle-income countries. Methods: A comprehensive review of current literature (2019-2024) was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and WHO reports. The analysis focused on prevalence, modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, and the socio-economic impact of the disease. Results: Recent data indicates that IHD accounts for approximately 16% of total global deaths. The "epidemiological transition" has led to a surge in cases in developing nations due to urbanization, sedentary lifestyles, and dietary changes. Beyond traditional risk factors (hypertension, diabetes), psychosocial stress and environmental pollution are emerging as significant contributors. The economic burden is substantial, driven by direct healthcare costs and loss of workforce productivity. Conclusion: IHD is not merely a medical condition but a complex social problem requiring multi-sectoral preventive strategies. Future management must integrate advanced therapeutic interventions with broad public health policies targeting lifestyle modification and social determinants of health.