FUNCTIONAL TESTING IN SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY: CARDIOVASCULAR, RESPIRATORY, AND AUTONOMIC SYSTEMS UNDER PHYSICAL LOAD
Keywords:
sports physiology, functional tests, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, autonomic nervous system, physical load, athlete adaptation.Abstract
This article explores the role of functional tests in sports physiology, focusing on the cardiovascular, respiratory, and autonomic nervous systems. It examines the physiological changes that occur in the athlete’s body under the influence of physical loads and highlights the diagnostic and preventive value of functional tests conducted under medical supervision. The paper emphasizes that functional testing is not only a tool for assessing current health and performance but also a means of predicting adaptation, preventing overtraining, and guiding individualized training programs. Drawing upon sports medicine, physiology, and international research, the article provides a comprehensive overview of classical and modern functional tests, their methodology, and their application in clinical and sports practice.
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