ON CHANGES IN THE ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT, POLITICAL, SOCIO-ETHNIC PROCESSES IN THE 18TH-FIRST HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY
Keywords:
Turan, climate change, ecosystem, ethnic processes, drought, migration, natural disasters, historical geography, trade routes, social crisis.Abstract
The article analyzes the climatic changes that occurred in the Turan ecosystem during the 18th and the first half of the 19th centuries, as well as their impact on political, social, and ethnic processes. Based on historical sources and climatological studies, it reveals how cold and warm periods influenced agriculture, trade relations, migration movements, and the general living conditions of the population. The study also discusses the interrelation between natural disasters, famines, epidemics, and the transformation of ethnic structures.
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