ADRENAL GLAND DISORDERS: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT APPROACHES
Keywords:
adrenal gland, adrenal insufficiency, Cushing’s syndrome, adrenal tumors, cortisol, endocrine disordersAbstract
Adrenal gland disorders encompass a wide range of clinical conditions, including adrenal insufficiency, Cushing’s syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and adrenal tumors. These conditions often present with diverse clinical manifestations, ranging from fatigue and hypotension to obesity, hypertension, and electrolyte imbalance. This article reviews the pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies of major adrenal disorders. Emphasis is placed on the importance of early recognition, timely treatment, and advances in imaging and molecular diagnostics that have improved patient care.
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