A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS AND PROVERBS WITH THE CONCEPT "FRIEND" IN KARAKALPAK AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES
Keywords:
friendship, proverbs, phraseology, Karakalpak, English, semantics, cultureAbstract
This paper explores the semantic, cultural, and pragmatic representations of the concept friend as reflected in phraseological units and proverbs in the Karakalpak and English languages. Through a comparative linguistic and cultural approach, the study reveals both shared and culture-specific traits in the conceptualization of friendship. The findings highlight how language encodes social values and interpersonal norms, with Karakalpak emphasizing communal loyalty and moral duty, and English focusing on individual emotional bonds and voluntary affiliation. This research contributes to cross-cultural linguistics by enriching the understanding of how deeply ingrained social concepts are linguistically manifested across diverse cultures.
References
Kubryakova, E.S. (2004). Language and Knowledge: On the Way to Cognitive Linguistics. Moscow: Languages of Slavic Culture.
Wierzbicka, A. (1997). Understanding Cultures through Their Key Words: English, Russian, Polish, German, and Japanese. Oxford University Press.
Mieder, W. (2004). Proverbs: A Handbook. Greenwood Press.
Melekhova, L.V. (2010). Linguocultural Image of the Friend in Turkic Phraseology. KSU Journal.
Nazarova, G. (2021). Karakalpak Phraseology as a Reflection of National Mentality. NUKA, 2(14), 55–61.
Turganbayeva, G., & Urazova, G. (2017). Karakalpak phraseology: Linguistic and cultural aspects. International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 6(3), 169-175.
Zakirova, G. (2013). The phraseological units in the Karakalpak language. International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 2(4), 111-117.
