RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN: PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

Abstract

Respiratory infections are among the most prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. The immature immune system, anatomical differences in the respiratory tract, and environmental factors make pediatric patients particularly vulnerable. This article reviews the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying common respiratory infections in children, including pneumonia, bronchiolitis, and acute respiratory distress. The analysis highlights the role of viral and bacterial pathogens, immune dysregulation, and inflammatory cascades in disease progression. Despite advances in pediatric care, respiratory infections remain a global challenge, requiring improved preventive strategies and targeted therapies.