MODERN SURGICAL TECHNIQUES IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION: ADVANCES AND CLINICAL PERSPECTIVES
Keywords:
Kidney transplantation, donor nephrectomy, laparoscopic surgery, robotic-assisted surgery, vascular anastomosis, ureteral reconstruction, minimally invasive surgery, surgical innovation, graft survival, Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS)Abstract
Kidney transplantation remains the preferred treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Advances in surgical methods, immunosuppression protocols, and perioperative management have significantly improved patient and graft survival rates. This article reviews the latest surgical techniques and technologies used in kidney transplantation, comparing traditional open methods with minimally invasive approaches such as laparoscopic and robotic-assisted donor nephrectomy. The review also highlights innovations in vascular anastomosis, graft positioning, and postoperative care.
Kidney transplantation is the preferred therapeutic option for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), providing better quality of life and long-term survival compared to dialysis. In recent decades, there has been significant progress in surgical techniques aimed at improving both donor and recipient outcomes. Traditional open surgery, while effective, has gradually been complemented by minimally invasive approaches such as laparoscopic and robotic-assisted procedures, which reduce surgical trauma, postoperative pain, and recovery time. Advances in vascular anastomosis, ureteral reconstruction, hemostasis control, and intraoperative imaging have further optimized graft implantation. Moreover, innovations such as hand-assisted laparoscopy, indocyanine green (ICG) angiography, and Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols contribute to reducing complications and hospital stays. Robotic-assisted nephrectomy offers superior precision, although its accessibility remains limited by cost and training requirements. This review aims to summarize the current state of surgical approaches in kidney transplantation, highlighting the benefits, limitations, and future prospects of modern methods.
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