MORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES

Madrahimova Nigora Ravshanbek kizi

Authors

Madrahimova Nigora Ravshanbek kizi Fergana medical institute of public health

Keywords:

cardiovascular system, morphology, histology, arteries, veins, capillaries, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, vascular pathology, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, molecular genetics.

Abstract

This article provides a comprehensive morphological analysis of the cardiovascular system, emphasizing the structural and functional characteristics of arteries, veins, and capillaries. The detailed histological features of vessel walls and their role in maintaining hemodynamic stability are discussed. Pathological alterations such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis, varicose veins, and aneurysms are examined with a focus on their morphological manifestations and impact on vascular function[1,2]. Modern research methodologies including immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and molecular genetic studies are highlighted for their importance in diagnosing and understanding cardiovascular diseases at the cellular and molecular levels. The study underscores the significance of morphological investigations for improving diagnostic accuracy, guiding effective treatments, and developing personalized therapeutic approaches in cardiology.

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