FALSE-POSITIVE HIV TEST RESULTS: DIAGNOSTIC CHALLENGES AND PRE-TEST PROTOCOLS

Abstract

HIV remains one of the most significant public health challenges globally, particularly in developing regions where diagnostic capacity and public awareness vary widely. In Uzbekistan, ongoing public health initiatives are directed toward early diagnosis and treatment of HIV, as mandated by recent governmental orders (Order No. 111, 2023; Order No. 270, 2023). However, false-positive HIV test results, although statistically rare, continue to cause considerable psychological distress, unnecessary medical interventions, and social complications for affected individuals.

This issue becomes especially critical in populations with low HIV prevalence, where the likelihood of a false-positive result may outweigh the probability of true infection. The phenomenon is notably common among pregnant women, due to physiological changes that may trigger antibody cross-reactivity. Despite the existence of advanced diagnostic algorithms, the persistence of false-positive outcomes indicates a need to strengthen test protocols, patient counseling, and post-test procedures.

Given the potential for harm resulting from misdiagnosis—including unnecessary antiretroviral therapy and social stigmatization—this study seeks to highlight the importance of accurate HIV testing. It also aims to contribute to the body of knowledge that supports improved pre-test preparation, testing algorithms, and quality control systems in healthcare settings.