THE ROLE OF COMPLEX ULTRASOUND IN FOCAL CHANGES OF THE THYROID GLAND
Keywords:
Thyroid, USG, FNAC, Papillary carcinoma, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.Abstract
This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Radio-Diagnosis at Government Medical College, Srinagar, to evaluate various thyroid gland disorders using ultrasound and confirm findings through fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The study included all patients referred for thyroid scans using convenience sampling. Ultrasound, performed with a 12 MHz linear transducer, was the primary diagnostic tool due to its ability to detect both focal and diffuse thyroid pathologies.
Most patients (84%) presented with thyroid swelling, while others had symptoms like pain, pressure effects (e.g., dysphagia, dyspnoea), or signs of hyperthyroidism. Females were more affected than males (ratio 2.3:1), and the right lobe showed more involvement than the left. Hypoechoic lesions were most common (34%), followed by isoechoic and heterogeneous textures. Among malignancies, papillary carcinoma was the predominant type (83.34%), with one case of anaplastic carcinoma.
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