EPIDEMIOLOGY OF IMPLANTS AND BIOPROSTHESES: A NEW ERA OF HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS
Keywords:
implants, bioprostheses, hospital-acquired infections, biofilm, antibiotic resistance, epidemiological surveillance, sterility, prevention, antimicrobial coatings.Abstract
Modern medicine is increasingly utilizing implants and bioprostheses in cardiothoracic surgery, orthopedics, dentistry, and reconstructive surgery. However, alongside their clinical efficacy, the epidemiological significance of associated infectious complications is also growing. In multidisciplinary hospital settings, the incidence of device-associated infections is rising, especially against the backdrop of increasing antibiotic resistance among pathogens and reduced immune reactivity in patients. This review article analyzes current data on the prevalence, etiological agents, risk factors, and pathogenic mechanisms of infections related to implantable materials. Particular attention is given to the formation of biofilms, the challenges of diagnosis and treatment, as well as the principles of epidemiological surveillance and prevention. Modern approaches to reducing the risk of implant-associated infections are considered, including antimicrobial coatings, sterility control, and individualized strategies for antibiotic therapy. This review emphasizes the need for integrated collaboration between epidemiologists, clinicians, and biomaterials specialists to effectively address the challenges of a new era of hospital-acquired infections.
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