MODERN METHODS FOR DETERMINING TUBERCULOSIS IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS WITH NEGATIVE SPUTUM ANALYZES
Keywords:
HIV, PCR, tuberculosis, biomarkers, atypical forms.Abstract
Pulmonary tuberculosis remains one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected patients. Given the suppressed immune response in this category of patients, the diagnosis of tuberculosis can be complicated, especially with negative sputum microscopy results. This paper examines modern approaches to improving the diagnosis of tuberculosis in HIV-positive patients. It is proposed to introduce molecular genetic methods, such as PCR, for early detection of the pathogen in various biological samples. Immunodiagnostic tests, such as interferon-gamma-releasing tests, can help in the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis. Attention is also focused on the need to use modern imaging techniques, including computed tomography, to identify atypical forms of the disease. The work highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and regular clinical monitoring, as well as the study of biomarkers that can serve as indicators of active tuberculosis. The implementation of the proposed measures will significantly improve the effectiveness of diagnosis and improve treatment outcomes in HIV-infected patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
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