PEDIATRIC GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE: MODERN DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES AND PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES

Abstract

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children represents a common pediatric disorder characterized by the retrograde flow of gastric contents into the esophagus. Its clinical spectrum ranges from mild, self-limited symptoms to severe cases that may affect growth and development. Recent advancements have resulted in novel diagnostic modalities and preventative strategies, providing clinicians with improved tools for early detection and management. Objective: This review aims to comprehensively evaluate contemporary diagnostic methods and preventive measures employed in pediatric GERD. Through an analysis of current literature and clinical trial data, the study identifies key diagnostic parameters, assesses innovative techniques, and outlines evidence-based prevention strategies. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted using major databases. The analysis involved selecting studies published over the last 10 years addressing modern diagnostic techniques—including impedance-pH monitoring, endoscopy, and ultrasonography—as well as preventative interventions such as dietary modifications, pharmacologic agents, and lifestyle adjustments. Data were extracted and synthesized into clinical comparisons and outcome evaluations. Tables have been constructed to summarize the diagnostic modalities, preventive measures, and clinical outcomes associated with early intervention. Results: Modern diagnostic tools show improved sensitivity and specificity over traditional pH monitoring. Impedance-pH monitoring, in particular, offers enhanced detection of both acid and nonacid reflux episodes. The analysis reveals that early diagnosis, combined with appropriate lifestyle adjustments and pharmacologic interventions, significantly reduces the incidence and complications of pediatric GERD. Preventive measures, including nutritional counseling, weight management, and parental education, have emerged as central to minimizing the risk of progression. Comparative analysis (Table 1) underscores the diagnostic accuracy of novel approaches, while Tables 2 and 3 provide a summary of preventive strategies and outcome improvements, respectively. Conclusion: Advances in diagnostic technology and a multifaceted approach to prevention have substantially improved clinical outcomes in pediatric GERD. A tailored approach that incorporates modern diagnostic tools along with individualized preventive strategies can lead to earlier detection and more efficient management of the condition. Further long‐term studies are warranted to validate these emerging technologies and to optimize preventive protocols across diverse pediatric populations.