FEATURE OF THE COURSE OF AFFECTIVE AND RESPIRATORY PARAXYSMS IN CHILDREN

Abstract

Affective-respiratory paroxysms (ARPs), commonly referred to as breath-holding spells, are a frequent yet often misunderstood phenomenon in young children. These episodes typically occur in response to emotional stimuli such as anger, pain, or fear and are characterized by sudden breath-holding, changes in skin color (cyanosis or pallor), and in some cases, brief loss of consciousness. While the condition is generally benign and self-limiting, its dramatic presentation can be alarming for parents and caregivers, leading to significant anxiety and concerns about the child's well-being. ARPs most commonly present between the ages of 6 months and 6 years, with a peak incidence around 2 to 3 years. Although the exact prevalence varies, studies suggest that around 5% of children may experience these episodes. The pathophysiology of ARPs is not fully understood, but factors such as autonomic nervous system dysfunction, genetic predisposition, and iron deficiency anemia are believed to play a key role. Despite their frequent occurrence, ARPs are often misdiagnosed as epileptic seizures, syncope, or other neurological disorders due to overlapping clinical features.