ACTIONS AND FUTURE EXPLOITATIONS OF CIPROFLOXACIN ANTIBIOTIC
Keywords:
Ciprofloxacin, fluoroquinolone, antibacterial resistance, DNA gyrase, drug modificationAbstract
Ciprofloxacin is a second-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic widely used in the treatment of bacterial infections. It acts primarily by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymes, leading to the disruption of DNA replication and cell death. Despite its broad-spectrum activity and extensive clinical use, growing bacterial resistance posesA a major global concern. This thesis discusses the mechanism of action, therapeutic applications, resistance mechanisms, and future directions for improving the efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin.
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