Ethiopian International Multidisciplinary Research Conferences
Ethiopian International Multidisciplinary Research Conferences Ethiopian International Multidisciplinary Research Conferences is an open-access international conference platform here we publish international conferences that are held by the EIMRC Group.
THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF CYBERBULLYING ON MENTAL HEALTH AMONG ADOLESCENTS: PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This article provides a psychological analysis of the negative impact of cyberbullying, which is increasingly prevalent among adolescents, on mental health. The study examines the adverse effects of cyberbullying on adolescents’ emotional state, self-esteem, social adaptation, and the process of identity formation. In particular, the article analyzes, based on scientific sources, psychological outcomes such as depression, anxiety, loneliness, and social isolation resulting from online harassment and cyber victimization. In addition, the paper presents psychological and pedagogical recommendations aimed at preventing cyberbullying and reducing its negative consequences, as well as practical conclusions of relevance for parents, teachers, and mental health professionals.
Amonhonova Yanglishkhon Abduazizkhon qizi
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
GENDER ISSUES IN LINGUISTICS ON THE BASIS OF ENGLISH AND UZBEK LITERARY TEXTS
This article will explore the gender issues and their illustration in literary works comparing the samples of Uzbek and English short stories. The article tried to draw similar features of different languages in the samples of English and Uzbek literary works. The samples were given to show how the status of females were described in different cultures and langauges.
BOLALARDA GIRSHPRUNG KASALLIGIDA DIFFERENSIAL TASHXIS MUAMMOLARI VA KLINIK XATOLARNING SABABLARI
Girshprung kasalligi klinik jihatdan ich qotishi bilan kechuvchi boshqa funksional va organik ichak kasalliklariga o‘xshash bo‘lishi mumkin [1,3,5]. Ayniqsa, chaqaloqlik va erta bolalik davrida kasallik belgilari noto‘g‘ri talqin qilinib, funksional ich qotishi yoki ovqat hazm qilish tizimining yetilmaganligi bilan bog‘lanadi [2,9]. Bu holat differensial tashxis jarayonida xatolarga olib keladi va kasallikning kech aniqlanishiga sabab bo‘ladi [3,11]. Shu bois Girshprung kasalligida differensial tashxis muammolari bolalar jarrohligi va pediatriyada dolzarb hisoblanadi [4,6].
BOLALARDA YO‘G‘ON ICHAKNING UZAYISHI VA FIKSATSIYA BUZILISHIDA KONSERVATIV DAVOLASHNING MORFOLOGIK CHEGARALARI
Bolalarda yo‘g‘on ichakning uzayishi va fiksatsiya buzilishi bilan kechuvchi holatlarda konservativ davolash usullari amaliyotda keng qo‘llaniladi. Dietoterapiya, ichak motorikasini yaxshilovchi dori vositalari, laksativlar va reabilitatsion choralar kasallikning yengil shakllarida ma’lum darajada klinik yengillik beradi. Biroq konservativ davolashning samaradorligi ko‘pincha vaqtinchalik bo‘lib, uzoq muddatli natijalar barqaror emas.
USE OF DIDACTIC GAME TECHNOLOGIES IN INCREASING STUDENTS' STRONG MOTIVATION TO LEARN
In this article, the use of didactic game technologies to increase students' strong motivation to learn is the main idea of some pedagogical technologies and is analyzed as a factor ensuring their effectiveness.
THE IMPACT OF INTRODUCING NATURE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
This article provides an in-depth analysis of the importance of introducing nature in the development of preschool children. Research indicates that direct interaction with nature plays a significant role in children’s cognitive, emotional, social, and creative development. The article scientifically examines changes observed in children during engagement with nature, the formation of ecological awareness, the development of emotional stability, and the stimulation of creative abilities. In addition, pedagogical strategies and methodologies for introducing nature in preschool educational institutions are analyzed. The research methods include both qualitative and quantitative approaches; positive changes in children’s development were identified through observations, pedagogical experiments, and interviews.
Nishanova Aziza Mirzaxmadovna, Meliboyeva Noila Ixtiyorjon kizi
IMPROVING PEDAGOGICAL DIAGNOSTIC METHODS IN PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND MODERN APPROACHES TO ASSESSING CHILDREN’S DEVELOPMENT LEVELS
The article analyzes scientific and practical approaches to assessing the level of development of children in preschool educational institutions and improving the pedagogical diagnostic process.he article analyzes scientific and practical approaches to assessing the level of development of children in preschool educational institutions and improving the pedagogical diagnostic process. The study examines effective ways to assess children's cognitive, emotional, and social skills based on diagnostic tools, pedagogical observations, interactive tests, portfolios, digital monitoring, and gaming techniques. The article includes recommendations aimed at accurately determining the level of development of preschool children, determining the directions of individual education and optimizing the pedagogical process.
Nishanova Aziza Mirzaxmadovna, Yusupova Nozima Bahodir kizi
THE FUNCTIONING OF ARCHAISMS AND HISTORICISMS IN THE WORKS OF RUSSIAN WRITERS
This article analyzes the artistic, stylistic and semantic functions of archaisms and historicisms used in the works of Russian writers. It highlights the important role of such lexical units in restoring the spirit of the historical era, individualizing the hero's speech and increasing the aesthetic impact of the work. While archaisms constitute an outdated but figurative layer of the language, historicisms serve to create the color of the era by expressing certain historical realities and concepts. The article shows the functional properties of ancient words in the text based on examples from the works of such writers as A.S. Pushkin, N.V. Gogol, L.N. Tolstoy. It also explains the impact of such units on the reader's thinking and their role in the formation of historical memory. The results of the research are of theoretical and practical importance in a deeper understanding of the language of the literary text and the study of historical lexicon.
Kholmamatova Surayyo Kholmamat kizi,Laylo Normuradovna Elmuradova
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE POETRY OF ALEKSANDR FAYNBERG IN THE SPIRITUAL EDUCATION OF YOUTH
This article analyzes the role and significance of the poetry of Aleksandr Faynberg in the spiritual education of young people. The poet’s works emphasize ideas of humanism, love for the homeland, moral responsibility, and ethical values. The article highlights the educational and moral impact of Faynberg’s poetry on the formation of the worldview and spiritual maturity of the younger generation.
IMPROVING ORGANIZATIONAL AND PEDAGOGICAL MECHANISMS FOR ADAPTING FUTURE TEACHERS TO THE PROFESSIONAL ENVIRONMENT
The effectiveness of modern teacher education largely depends on the level of professional adaptation of future teachers to real pedagogical environments. Rapid transformations in education, increasing professional requirements, and the complexity of teaching activities necessitate systematic approaches to preparing pre-service teachers for professional challenges. This article examines the organizational and pedagogical foundations of adapting future teachers to the professional environment and proposes methodological approaches for improving this process. The study analyzes key organizational conditions, pedagogical technologies, and methodological principles that contribute to successful professional adaptation. Based on theoretical and empirical analysis, a structured model for improving professional adaptation is developed. The findings indicate that systematic implementation of organizational and pedagogical mechanisms enhances professional readiness, social integration, and sustainable professional development of future teachers.
INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT AND DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION: STRATEGIC APPROACHES FOR MODERN MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES
In modern industry, the concepts of digital transformation and smart manufacturing have become an important factor in ensuring the competitiveness of enterprises. In the process of transition from traditional production systems to modern, smart and flexible systems, enterprises face problems such as strategic management, skill development, reorganization of production processes and data-based decision-making. Therefore, the combination of industrial management and digital transformation is an important research direction to improve production efficiency and ensure sustainable development.
THE IMPORTANCE OF STEAM EDUCATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
This article provides a scientific analysis of the role and significance of STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) educational technologies in the development of preschool children. Based on a literature review, research methodology, analysis, and results, the paper explores the subject in depth, highlighting the contribution of the STEAM approach to children's cognitive, socio-emotional, and physical development. The findings indicate that STEAM education provides children with opportunities to learn through hands-on experiences, increases their engagement, develops problem-solving skills, and fosters essential life skills. The article emphasizes the benefits and potential of implementing STEAM in the preschool education system and offers practical recommendations.
THE IMPACT OF SPEECH THERAPY SESSIONS ON SPEECH DEVELOPMENT
This article provides a profound and comprehensive scientific analysis of the impact of speech therapy sessions on speech development in children. Through a literature review, research methodology, detailed analysis, and results, the paper explores the influence of speech therapy interventions on phonetic, lexical-grammatical, speech fluency, and communicative skill development. Based on empirical studies from Uzbekistan and abroad, it is confirmed that speech therapy sessions are highly effective in addressing speech defects (articulation disorders, stuttering, speech delay), increasing vocabulary, improving grammatical structure, and accelerating general language development. The findings indicate that speech therapy sessions initiated at an early age (preschool period) significantly enhance children's linguistic progress, yielding even more effective results when combined with individual and group formats, innovative technologies (game therapy, fairy-tale therapy, art therapy, logorhythmics), and family collaboration. The article provides practical recommendations for organizing speech therapy work within the preschool education system.
THE PEDAGOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF FORMING A READING CULTURE IN EARLY CHILDHOOD
This article provides a comprehensive and in-depth scientific analysis of the pedagogical significance of forming a reading culture in early childhood (ages 0–7). Based on numerous national and international empirical studies, meta-analyses, longitudinal observations, and Uzbekistan’s “Ilk Qadam” State Curriculum, the article thoroughly examines the impact of reading culture on children’s speech development, vocabulary growth, improvement of phonemic awareness and grammatical structure, imagination, empathy and emotional intelligence development, reinforcement of moral and ethical values, enhancement of social skills, as well as future academic achievement and the formation of self-directed learning habits. The findings demonstrate that regular exposure to books within family and preschool environments during early childhood empirically contributes to strengthening neural connections in the brain, accelerating language acquisition, increasing levels of empathy, and fostering intrinsic motivation for reading and learning. The article offers empirically grounded practical recommendations for families, preschool educational institutions, and education policy specialists, including guidelines for the application of fairy-tale therapy, family reading programs, and innovative pedagogical methods.
INDIVIDUAL APPROACH IN WORKING WITH CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS
This article provides a deep and comprehensive analysis of the scientific foundations of the pedagogical essence and practical effectiveness of the individual approach in working with children with special needs in the preschool education system. The article examines the impact of the individual approach on the dynamics of children's development based on the inclusive education policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the First Step state curriculum, local empirical studies and international meta-analyses, longitudinal observations. The results show that the individual approach significantly accelerates the cognitive, emotional, social and motor development of children, improves their relationships with peers, increases self-confidence and strengthens the general psychological environment in the inclusive group, but its effectiveness depends on the professional qualifications of the educator, the ability to draw up and monitor an individual development plan, family cooperation and the ability to create an adapted environment. The article is intended for preschool education practitioners, leaders and education politicians provides practical recommendations based on empirical evidence
CONTENT ESSENCE OF MODERN TRENDS IN PRESCHOOL EDUCATION
This article discusses the importance of preschool education today, modern directions of educating children, methods, tasks, and work that needs to be done.
METHODS OF DEVELOPING LOGICAL THINKING IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
This article provides a broad and in-depth analysis of methods for developing logical thinking in preschool children on a scientific basis. The article, based on the “First Step” state curriculum of Uzbekistan, local empirical studies, international meta-analyses and longitudinal observations, details the components of logical thinking (analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, classification, establishment of cause-and-effect relationships), their age characteristics and development dynamics, as well as the most effective pedagogical methods and types of activities. The results show that the systematic and game-based development of logical thinking in preschool children has a significant positive impact not only on the intellectual, but also on the speech, emotional and social development of children, and creates a solid foundation for academic success in primary education. The article provides practical recommendations based on empirical evidence for educators, methodologists, parents and education system specialists.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION OF ANTHRAX INCIDENCE IN 2012–2024
An unfavorable epizootological and epidemiological situation for anthrax continues to persist worldwide. The import into the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan of raw materials and meat products contaminated with anthrax from countries with an unfavorable epizootological situation increases the risk of the introduction of this disease and necessitates strengthening quarantine and immunoprophylactic measures against anthrax.
Kurbanbekov F.B.¹, Ne’matov A.S.², Kasimov O.Sh.³
POSTNATAL PROGRESSION OF TESTICULAR FORMATION: A STRUCTURAL AND MEASUREMENT-BASED STUDY IN HEALTHY RABBITS
The objective of this study was to characterize the age-related morphological and morphometric features of testicular maturation and spermatogenic development in intact rabbits at different stages of postnatal ontogenesis (3 and 6 months), in order to establish reference structural parameters of normal spermatogenesis.
DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES IN RECTAL TISSUE ORGANIZATION IN NON-EXPOSED RABBITS
The objective of this study was to evaluate the histomorphology of the rectal lining and its connective tissue framework in clinically normal rabbits at different developmental stages (3 and 6 months) with the goal of establishing standard morphological criteria.
TISSUE COMPOSITION AND MORPHOMETRIC EVALUATION OF THE SPLEEN IN RABBITS AT THE THREE-MONTH DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE
The objective of this study was to obtain normative information on splenic histoarchitecture and metric indicators in healthy rabbits aged three months, serving as a benchmark for future comparative studies involving experimental models.
CLINICAL AND NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL OUTCOMES OF MINIMAL BRAIN DYSFUNCTION IN SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN
Minimal brain dysfunction (MBD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition observed in school-aged children and is characterized by subtle neurological abnormalities accompanied by cognitive, behavioral, and emotional difficulties. Although structural brain damage is usually absent, functional immaturity of the central nervous system leads to significant impairments in academic performance and social adaptation. This article analyzes the clinical and neuropsychological outcomes of minimal brain dysfunction in school-aged children. Special attention is given to attention regulation, executive functions, learning abilities, and behavioral manifestations. The findings demonstrate that MBD is associated with persistent cognitive deficits and psychosocial challenges that require early identification and multidisciplinary intervention. Understanding the clinical and neuropsychological profile of children with MBD is essential for optimizing diagnostic strategies and improving long-term educational and developmental outcomes.
PREVALENCE OF DENTAL CARIES AND RISK FACTORS AMONG STUDENTS
PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA IN PATIENTS WITH HIV INFECTION: CLINICAL FEATURES, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT METHODS
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) remains one of the most frequent and severe opportunistic infections in patients infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), particularly in individuals with advanced immunosuppression. This thesis examines the clinical characteristics, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies of pneumocystis pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. The study highlights the subacute clinical course of the disease, characterized by progressive dyspnea, non-productive cough, fever, and hypoxemia, which often leads to delayed diagnosis. Special attention is given to modern diagnostic methods, including radiological imaging, laboratory markers, and microbiological and molecular techniques. The thesis also analyzes current treatment options, emphasizing the role of trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole as first-line therapy and the importance of adjunctive corticosteroid treatment in severe cases. In addition, preventive strategies and their impact on reducing morbidity and mortality are discussed. The findings of this thesis underline the importance of early diagnosis, timely treatment, and effective prophylaxis in improving clinical outcomes and optimizing the management of HIV-associated pneumocystis pneumonia.
Saydaliyeva Maxliyo Nemat kizi, Usmanova Elmira Mamarafikovna
A LINGUOCULTUROLOGICAL STUDY OF THE WORKS OF OʻTKIR HOSHIMOV
This article presents a linguoculturological analysis of the literary works of Oʻtkir Hoshimov, focusing on the interaction between language and culture in his prose. The study examines how culturally marked linguistic units function as carriers of national values, traditions, and collective worldview in Uzbek literature. Special attention is paid to culturally specific vocabulary, phraseological units, everyday lexical items, and character speech as key elements in the construction of the artistic world. The analysis reveals that cultural concepts such as family, respect for elders, moral responsibility, patience, and human dignity are systematically embedded in the language of Hoshimov’s works and are realized through concrete linguistic forms. The findings demonstrate that Hoshimov’s prose serves not only as an artistic expression but also as a cultural document reflecting Uzbek national identity. The article emphasizes the relevance of the linguoculturological approach for interpreting national literature and highlights its role in uncovering implicit cultural meanings encoded in literary texts.
Many pregnancies result in spontaneous abortions as a result of Rh-alloimmunization in the mother-child organism. In order to reduce the incidence of these cases, it is recommended to introduce the anti-D immunoglobulin preparation into the mother's organism. As a result, the alloimmunization phenomenon is prevented and a healthy baby can be born. This article covers these issues.
Shukurova Fazilat Narmamatovna,Toshmamatov Rustam Mahsudovich,Akbar Kahramonov Sherzodovich
FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF REGULATING THE PRACTICE OF CASHLESS OPERATIONS IN COMMERCIAL BANKS
MODERN TEACHING METHODS AND THEIR ADVANTAGES IN THE CLASSROOM
Because of improvements in tools and modifying learner learning conditions, present education is always changing. Modern instruction approaches that highlight student involvement, critical intelligence, and hands-on learning are increasingly restoring traditional instruction methods. This study investigates a mixture of modern teaching methods, such as problem-based learning, flipped classrooms, technology-based learning, and collaborative learning. The study highlights how useful these methods are for advancing student participation, academic accomplishment, interaction skills, and self-self-reliant learning. In addition to accompanying personalized teaching, existing teaching approaches aid learners in making the linking among intellectual ideas and useful applications. Modern demonstrating methods are essential for introducing informative guidelines and preparing learners for success in the teaching space and in the workplace, even in the confront of difficulties like the necessity for tools and instructor arrangement.
BRIDGING CULTURAL GAPS: TRAINING TRANSLATORS FOR MULTILINGUAL AND MULTICULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN THE DIGITAL AGE
In the digital age, translators face unprecedented challenges in navigating multilingual and multicultural communication, where cultural nuances and technological advancements intersect. This article examines the evolving role of translator training in addressing cultural gaps, drawing on theoretical frameworks from translation studies, intercultural communication, and digital humanities. It identifies challenges such as culture-specific untranslatability, ethical dilemmas, and the impact of AI-driven tools. Pedagogical solutions are proposed, including intercultural competence development, technology-integrated curricula, and collaborative learning models. Through case studies and empirical insights, the study advocates for adaptive training programs that balance linguistic proficiency, cultural sensitivity, and digital literacy. The findings emphasize the need for a holistic approach to prepare translators for effective global communication in diverse digital contexts.
INCREASING EDUCATIONAL EFFICIENCY THROUGH THE INTRODUCTION OF MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
This article analyzes the pedagogical and technical aspects of implementing modern information and communication technologies (ICT) into the educational process. During the research, the impact of multimedia tools and interactive platforms on student performance was studied. The results showed that the use of ICT allows for an increase in efficiency by 25-30% compared to traditional teaching methods.
PREPARATION OF COMPOSITE SORBENTS BASED ON AILANTHUS WOOD CHIPS AND PEANUT SHELLS AND STUDY OF THEIR PROPERTIES
This study presents the results of the preparation of composite sorbents based on Ailanthus wood chips and peanut shells and the investigation of their sorption activity. Using local lignocellulosic raw materials, sorbents with a developed porous structure and increased specific surface area were synthesized by chemical and thermal activation methods.
Feruz Tukhtaev¹, Gulkhayo Nurnazarova², Madina Mamatova³
CREATING A PSYCHOLOGICALLY SAFE CLASSROOM TO FOSTER LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE: REDUCING FEAR OF MISTAKES IN B1–C1 LEARNERS
This thesis examines the role of psychological safety in fostering linguistic competence among adult learners at CEFR levels B1 to C1. Despite possessing adequate grammatical knowledge, many learners refrain from speaking due to fear of errors, peer judgment, or embarrassment—a phenomenon known as foreign language anxiety. Drawing on Krashen’s Affective Filter Hypothesis and Bandura’s Self-Efficacy Theory, the study proposes a pedagogical framework centered on error normalization, non-judgmental feedback, anonymous speaking tasks, and collaborative learning structures. The analysis demonstrates that when classrooms are intentionally designed as psychologically safe spaces, learners exhibit greater willingness to take linguistic risks, leading to improved fluency, accuracy, and pragmatic appropriateness.
DIAGNOSTIC ERRORS IN ANORECTAL ANOMALIES IN GIRLS AND THEIR CLINICAL CONSEQUENCES
IMMUNOLOGICAL CHANGES DURING COVID-19 INFECTION IN CHILDREN WITH COMORBIDITIES: EXAMPLES OF CYTOKINES AND ADIPOKINES
Sadullayev Siroj Ernazarovich,Rakhmatullayeva Shakhnoza Bakhadirovna
THE ROLE OF SHARES AND BONDS ISSUED BY JOINT-STOCK COMPANIES IN THE CAPITAL MARKET
The article is devoted to the analysis of the situation of shares and bonds issued by joint-stock companies in the capital market. As a result of the research, innovative approaches that can be implemented in the conditions of the national economy and their prospects are identified. This article aims to contribute to the development of scientific and practical recommendations aimed at increasing the efficiency of financial management. The corporate bond market as a source of investment attraction and the essence of convertible bonds, their share in the international securities market in order to increase their investment attractiveness, are studied and analyzed.
THE FUNCTIONS OF THE STUDY OF GRAMMAR: AN INTRODUCTION TO MORPHOLOGY AND SYNTAX
This article analyzes the functions of grammar, the objects of study of the sections of morphology and syntax that form the structure of a language system, as well as their role in linguistic processes from a scientific point of view. The processes such as the rules governing the grammatical structure of a language, grammatical categories, word formation, and sentence construction are discussed in detail. The article reveals the theoretical and practical importance of grammar, the interconnection between morphology and syntax, and their significant role in understanding a language.
Xotamova Oisha Xabibullo kizi, Tadjiyeva Umida Faxritdinovna
THE SIGNIFICANCE AND STRATEGIC ROLE OF DIGITAL MARKETING IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD
In the contemporary digital era, digital marketing has emerged as a transformative force reshaping how organizations engage with consumers, build brand equity, and drive economic value. This paper explores the importance and evolving role of digital marketing in the modern world, where internet penetration exceeds 60% of the global population and social media platforms serve billions of active users daily. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining a systematic literature review of high-impact publications indexed in Scopus and Web of Science databases (covering 2018–2025) with bibliometric analysis to map thematic evolution and keyword co-occurrence patterns in digital marketing research. Key trends identified include the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning-driven personalization, big data analytics, augmented reality applications, and omnichannel strategies. These advancements enable unprecedented levels of targeting precision, real-time performance measurement, and bidirectional consumer-brand interactions—features largely unattainable through traditional marketing channels. The scientific novelty of this work lies in synthesizing recent empirical evidence on how digital transformation has shifted marketing from unidirectional promotion to dynamic value co-creation, emphasizing ethical considerations (e.g., data privacy, algorithmic bias) and sustainability implications in emerging markets. By highlighting the strategic imperative of digital marketing for competitiveness, cost-efficiency (often 30–60% lower customer acquisition costs compared to offline methods), enhanced customer lifetime value, and rapid adaptability in volatile environments (accelerated by post-pandemic shifts), the paper demonstrates its critical contribution to organizational resilience and growth. Findings underscore that digital marketing is no longer supplementary but essential for survival and innovation in the Fourth Industrial Revolution context. The study concludes with implications for practitioners and future research directions, particularly regarding cross-cultural applications and regulatory frameworks in developing economies.
MAMADJONOV ULUGBEK TOXIROVICH, XIDIROV BOBURJON TOJIMURODOVICH
METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING SKILLS IN USING CREATIVE METHODS AMONG FUTURE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS
This article examines the methodology for developing skills in the effective use of creative methods among future primary school teachers. It substantiates the importance of a teacher’s creative approach in the educational process, readiness to apply non-traditional teaching methods, as well as independent and flexible thinking in pedagogical activity. The study describes a system of methodological techniques, interactive classes, and practical tasks aimed at developing students’ professional competencies through the use of creative methods. From a scientific and pedagogical perspective, the role of creative methods in improving the effectiveness of education, strengthening the methodological preparedness of future teachers, and enhancing the quality of primary education is comprehensively revealed.
CHANGES IN THE REVENUE AND COST STRUCTURE OF MASS MEDIA ENTERPRISES IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL MODERNIZATION
Digital modernization has become one of the most influential factors reshaping the economic foundations of mass media enterprises worldwide. The transition from traditional media formats to digital platforms has led to significant changes in both revenue generation and cost management. This article provides an in-depth analysis of how digital modernization affects the income and expenditure structure of mass media organizations, focusing on emerging revenue models, evolving cost components, and the strategic implications for financial sustainability in the digital era.
EXPRESSION OF NATIONAL-TRADITIONAL CONCEPTS IN ENGLISH HUMOR
This article explores the expression of national-traditional concepts in English humor. Humor reflects the historical experience, social conditions, and collective consciousness of a society, making it a key semiotic and discursive component of national culture. English humor is characterized by its indirect, ironic, and implicit nature, closely linked to the traditional values of the English national mentality. The study aims to identify the main national-cultural concepts expressed in English humor and analyze their linguistic and pragmatic realization. Using a complex methodological approach, the research draws on linguocultural, discursive-pragmatic, and conceptual analyses. The material includes excerpts from classical and contemporary English literature (P. G. Wodehouse, J. K. Jerome), dialogues from television series (Yes, Minister, Blackadder, The IT Crowd), and fragments from English stand-up comedy. The analysis identifies key concepts such as self-control, class consciousness, tradition and continuity, and self-irony. These concepts are often expressed indirectly through understatement, irony, sarcasm, and other pragmatic devices. English humor functions not only as an aesthetic or communicative phenomenon but also as a tool for social control, cultural continuity, and strengthening social cohesion. The study concludes that understanding English humor as a complex semiotic and linguocultural phenomenon is crucial for deep comprehension of English culture and effective intercultural communication.
CELLULAR IMMUNITY PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE UNDERGOING CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING
Purpose of the study. To determine the prognostic value of cellular immunity parameters in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting under cardiopulmonary bypass. Materials and methods. Patients with coronary artery disease undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) under cardiopulmonary bypass were examined in the preoperative and early postoperative periods. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected according to a standardized protocol before surgery and after the intervention. Lymphocyte subpopulations (CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD8⁺, CD16⁺, CD20⁺) were evaluated in peripheral blood using immunological laboratory methods with monoclonal antibodies. Quantitative assessment of lymphocyte subsets was performed to characterize cellular immunity status. The obtained data were analyzed through dynamic follow-up, comparative evaluation of pre- and postoperative parameters, and statistical analysis using standard variation and correlation methods.
IMPROVING THE MECHANISM FOR VALUATION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN THE INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES OF COMPANIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
PROFESSIONAL AND ETHICAL PRINCIPLES GUIDING JOURNALISTS IN REPORTING ON GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE
This article analyzes the concept of gender-based violence, its legal and sociological definitions, as well as the main forms encountered in practice. Based on national legislation and international standards, the author pays particular attention to physical, sexual, psychological, and economic forms of violence. Accordingly, the article provides a comprehensive analysis of national and international experiences and identifies effective measures to combat gender-based violence.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF IN-HOUSE ACCOUNTANTS AND ACCOUNTING OUTSOURCING SERVICES AND THEIR EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT
This article presents a comparative analysis of the conditions created for an in-house accounting employee and the related expenses, as well as the services provided by accounting outsourcing companies.
PSYCHOLOGICAL PREVENTION OF SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR IN ADOLESCENTS
This article examines the psychological prevention of suicidal behavior in adolescents as a critical issue in modern psychological practice. Adolescence is characterized by emotional instability, identity formation, heightened sensitivity to stress, and vulnerability to social and psychological risk factors. These developmental characteristics increase the likelihood of suicidal thoughts and behaviors if timely preventive measures are not implemented. The article emphasizes the importance of early psychological diagnosis, risk factor identification, and the development of preventive programs aimed at strengthening emotional resilience, adaptive coping strategies, and social support systems. Special attention is given to the role of psychologists in preventive interventions within educational and social institutions. The findings highlight that systematic psychoprophylactic work significantly reduces the risk of suicidal behavior and promotes adolescents’ psychological well-being and healthy development.
REHABILITATION PROCESS WITH CONSIDERATION OF THE OFFENDER’S PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY
This article examines the importance of considering the psychological characteristics of an offender’s personality in the rehabilitation process. Criminal behavior is analyzed not only as a legal violation but also as a consequence of complex psychological and social factors. The study emphasizes that effective rehabilitation requires an individualized psychological approach based on the offender’s emotional state, cognitive patterns, motivation, and behavioral tendencies. Psychological assessment and targeted interventions, including cognitive-behavioral methods and counseling, are highlighted as key tools for reducing recidivism and promoting successful social reintegration. The findings suggest that integrating personality psychology into rehabilitation programs significantly increases their effectiveness and contributes to long-term social stability.
REFLECTIVE THINKING IN SACRED TEXTS: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
This article presents a comparative scholarly analysis of reflective thinking concepts articulated in the sacred texts of various religious and spiritual traditions, including the Avesta, Buddhist teachings, the Bible, the Torah, the Psalms, the Quran, and the Bhagavad Gita. The study explores tradition-specific terminologies and reflective practices, such as muhasabah in Islam, vipassana in Buddhism, and the “Humata, Hukhta, Huvarshta” principle in Zoroastrianism, identifying both convergences and divergences among them.
COMPETENCY-BASED DIGITAL EDUCATION MODEL IN PRIMARY EDUCATION: DEVELOPING 4C SKILLS (CRITICAL THINKING, CREATIVITY, COMMUNICATION, AND COLLABORATION)
This article examines the content and significance of a competency-based digital education model in the primary education process. In particular, the role of digital educational technologies in developing the 4Cs — critical thinking, creativity, communication, and collaboration skills — is analyzed. The possibilities of forming students’ independent thinking, problem analysis, creative approaches, and effective teamwork competencies through a digital learning environment are revealed. In addition, digital pedagogical approaches and innovative methods aimed at developing 4C skills are substantiated, taking into account the age and psychological characteristics of primary school students. The research results indicate that the digital education model contributes to improving the effectiveness of the educational process.
Sharipova Umida Sheraliyevna, Ismoilova Malika Erkinovna
PRIMARY EDUCATION PROCESS: FORMING MORAL EDUCATION IN STUDENTS
This article discusses the issues of forming moral education in students during the primary education process. The age and psychological characteristics of primary school students are analyzed as an important factor in the process of moral education. The essence and significance of moral education and its role in the educational process are revealed. Effective methods of implementing moral education during lessons and extracurricular activities are presented. The pedagogical opportunities for developing positive behavior and a sense of responsibility in students are highlighted. In addition, the teacher’s personal example is substantiated as an important factor in moral education. The importance of instilling national and universal values is analyzed. Special attention is paid to developing feelings of respect, cooperation, and kindness in students through moral education. The article is of practical significance for teachers working in the primary education system.
Xamroyeva Umida Zafar kizi, Ismoilova Malika Erkinovna
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF AN AUTONOMOUS AIR COOLING SYSTEM BASED ON WATER-AIR HEAT EXCHANGE
This paper presents a numerical investigation of the operating performance of an autonomous air cooling system based on water–air heat exchange. The variation of air temperature along the length of a tubular heat exchanger was analyzed as a function of the outdoor air temperature and inlet air velocity. The study was conducted using a physical model developed in COMSOL Multiphysics 6.1. The simulation results show that the cooling efficiency of the system varies significantly when the outdoor air temperature ranges from 30 to 40℃ and the inlet air velocity changes from 2.5 to 4.0 m/s. The findings confirm that an increase in inlet air velocity reduces the residence time for heat transfer, leading to higher outlet air temperatures, and demonstrate the necessity of employing a two-loop cooling configuration under high outdoor temperature conditions.
COGNITIVE-SEMANTIC FEATURES OF METAPHORICAL AND PHRASEOLOGICAL EMOTIONAL-EXPRESSIVE UNITS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
This article explores the cognitive-semantic features of metaphorical and phraseological emotional-expressive units in English and Uzbek languages. The study examines how these linguistic units convey emotions, reflect cultural-specific conceptualizations, and function within different communicative contexts. Comparative analysis highlights similarities and differences in the cognitive mechanisms underlying metaphorical and phraseological expressions in the two languages. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of cross-linguistic emotional expression and provide insights for applied linguistics, translation studies, and language teaching.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN TEACHING THE TOPIC “AMORPHOUS STATE OF COMPOSITE POLYMER MATERIALS” IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Composite polymer materials are widely used in modern industry and scientific research. Their amorphous state directly influences the mechanical, thermal, and optical properties of the material. The purpose of this research is to study the amorphous state of composite polymers, to determine their composition, structure, and properties, as well as to analyze their potential applications in industrial and scientific fields. This article provides a scientific and methodological analysis of the amorphous state of composite polymer materials, their molecular structure, and their impact on mechanical, thermal, and technological properties. The influence of the amorphous state on elasticity, impact resistance, and processing technologies is highlighted. In addition, effective teaching methods for explaining this topic within the methodology course are discussed. The research findings demonstrate the importance of integrating theory and practice in students’ learning and contribute to the development of scientific thinking in materials science.
MIGRATION AND IDENTITY IN CONTEMPORARY EUROPEAN LITERATURE
This thesis analyzes migration and identity representation in contemporary European literature, focusing on transnational narratives, cultural hybridity, and identity reconstruction shaped by globalization and sociopolitical change. The study examines how modern European writers portray displacement, belonging, and intercultural interaction through complex narrative strategies that challenge traditional concepts of nation, language, and cultural identity. Particular attention is paid to the emergence of hybrid protagonists, the role of memory and trauma in shaping migrant experience, and the transformation of literary space into a transnational communicative environment.
REDUCING POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS IN APPENDICITIS WITH LIVER CIRRHOSIS
Khudaybergenov Shikhnazar Olloberganovich
SCOLICIDAL EFFICACY OF CHLORHEXIDINE AND CONTRAST AGENTS IN HEPATIC ECHINOCOCCOSIS
THE ROLE OF NOUNS IN THE CREATION OF METONYMIC SIGNS
This article is devoted to the study of the role of nominal units in creating metonymic signs. The research analyzes how nominal units in speech express objects, events, or processes metonymically, and examines their semantic and functional properties. The results indicate that nominal units enhance semantic richness and expressiveness in communication through metonymy while reflecting cultural and social context.
FACTORS INFLUENCING EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM
This article provides a scientific and theoretical analysis of internal and external factors influencing the effective management of the education system. The importance of considering organizational, human resources, financial, as well as external socio-economic factors in improving management efficiency in education is revealed. In addition, the interrelation of these factors and the possibilities of improving the quality of education through their effective management are substantiated.
MODERN APPROACHES TO IMPROVING EDUCATION MANAGEMENT EFFECTIVENESS
This article examines modern approaches to improving the effectiveness of education management in the context of ongoing social and economic changes. Special attention is paid to innovative management methods, human resource development, and the role of strategic planning in educational institutions. The study highlights the importance of adaptability, leadership, and evidence-based decision-making in ensuring sustainable development and quality outcomes in education.
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT DIRECTIONS OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR TO ENHANCE COMPETITIVENESS IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION SERVICES MARKET
This thesis substantiates the relevance of strategic management of consumer behavior in the context of increasing competition in the higher education services market. The study examines the organization of higher education institutions’ activities based on market principles, as well as the identification and satisfaction of applicants’ and students’ needs in order to form competitive advantages. Furthermore, the impact of mechanisms aimed at ensuring student satisfaction and loyalty on the long-term sustainable development of higher education institutions is justified.
INTERACTIVE METHODS OF FOCUSING ATTENTION IN FORMING INDEPENDENT THINKING SKILLS IN PRIMARY STUDENTS
The article discusses the importance of concentration in developing independent thinking skills in primary school students. It contains analytical information on the interactive interpretation of new technologies. The use of interactive learning methods is a scientific approach to preparing students who are able to make independent decisions, express and justify their point of view.
Kasimova Odina Alimjonovna,Tangirkulova Manzura Rustam qizi
TOPIC: WATER RESOURCE DEPRECIATION AND POLLUTION: A GLOBAL PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS IN THE CASE OF UZBEKISTAN
This thesis analyzes the problems of global depletion and pollution of water resources, their causes and ecological and social consequences. The study examines in detail the acute problems of water scarcity in Central Asia, in particular, in the case of Uzbekistan, the impact of the Aral Sea tragedy on the regional ecosystem, and the cases of irrational use of water. Scientifically based proposals and recommendations have been developed on water resources management, the introduction of modern water-saving technologies, strengthening international cooperation in the use of transboundary water bodies , and raising environmental culture. The main conclusions of the work are of practical importance for improving the strategy for sustainable water resources management.
Kasimova Odina Alimjonovna,Qazoqboyeva Husnora Kholvay qizi,Oktamjonova Mohina Alisher qizi
SCIENTIFIC AND THEORETICAL BASIS OF PRIMARY SCIENCE TEACHING IN A DIGITAL EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
This in the article digital education in the environment elementary in class natural sciences of teaching scientific and theoretical basics illuminated . International assessment in programs participation in the process of natural of sciences importance about idea conducted and conclusion and offers cited .
Kasimova Odine Alimjon kizi,Kamalova Nadira Lufullo kizi
This article discusses the problems of global water scarcity and pollution. Population growth, industrialization, inefficient use of water in agriculture, and inadequate environmental control are leading to a decrease in freshwater resources. The article analyzes the main sources of water pollution, its negative impact on human health and the environment, and draws important conclusions on the protection of water resources.
Kasimova Odine Alimjonovna,Sh. Normurodova,N.Eshnazarova
METHODOLOGY OF ORGANIZING STUDENTS' RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
This thesis analyzes the methodological foundations, principles, and stages of organizing students' research activities. In the modern system of higher education, engaging students in scientific research and forming their research competencies is gaining significant importance. The thesis covers the theoretical-methodological approaches, organizational stages, methods, and tools of organizing research activities. Additionally, practical recommendations for the effective organization of students' research work have been developed.
TOSHKEKT AND ITS LANDSCAPES IN THE WORKS OF ALEKSANDR FAYNBERG
This article examines the artistic depiction of Tashkent city and its landscapes in the works of Aleksandr Faynberg. The study analyzes how the poet portrays Tashkent’s natural scenery, architectural landmarks, and urban life, as well as the impact of these depictions on readers and the literary environment. The article highlights the artistic and philosophical significance of Tashkent in Faynberg’s poetry and its role in Uzbek literature.
CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE INTONATION OF RUSSIAN AND UZBEK LANGUAGES IN EXPRESSING COMMUNICATIVE TYPES OF SENTENCES
The paper examines the intonation structures characteristic of narrative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory sentences, and identifies differences in the tonal organization, scale, measures, melodic contours, and the degree of nuclear tone expression.
Saidova Gulnoza Olimovna,Musaeva Amina Karomatovna
PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF FORMING A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE IN THE FAMILY BASED ON SOCIAL NORMS
This article discusses the sanctity of family in young families, and ideas that preserve and strengthen the family in young people on the verge of starting a family.
THE NECESSITY OF FINANCING THE COMMUNICATIONS SECTOR BY COMMERCIAL BANKS IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
THE LOGIC OF THE SENTENCE: A COMPARATIVE JOURNEY THROUGH UZBEK AND ENGLISH WORD ORDER.
Language is more than just a set of rules; it is a unique way of organizing thought. This study explores how word order functions in two very different languages: English and Uzbek. In English, the structure is rigid (Subject-Verb-Object), where the order of words is the primary key to meaning. In contrast, Uzbek follows a Subject-Object-Verb pattern but offers a beautiful flexibility; thanks to its rich system of suffixes, words can move around the sentence while still keeping their meaning clear. By comparing these two systems, we uncover the "logic" behind the mistakes learners often make-such as an Uzbek student carrying their native sentence flow into an English conversation. Moving beyond simple grammar, this research shows that understanding these structural differences is essential for better teaching, more accurate translation, and deeper cross-cultural connection.
APPLICATION OF MINI PARASEP CONCENTRATION TUBES FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF INTESTINAL PROTOZOAN INFECTIONS
Intestinal parasitic diseases, particularly infections caused by protozoa, remain a major global health challenge. These infections affect millions of people worldwide, not only in developing countries but also in economically developed regions, and are associated with significant morbidity, impaired nutritional status, and reduced quality of life. Mixed infections caused by Blastocystis hominis and Giardia lamblia are of particular importance, as they often present with nonspecific dyspeptic symptoms, complicating diagnosis and treatment. Early and accurate detection of these infections is therefore crucial for patient management and for preventing their spread in the population. Improving reliable laboratory diagnostic tools for intestinal protozoan infections has considerable clinical and epidemiological value.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING THE BIOECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF STRAWBERRY VARIETIES UNDER DIFFERENT SOIL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
The introduction of new strawberry cultivars into agricultural production necessitates not only the evaluation of their agrobiological traits but also a comprehensive theoretical understanding of their adaptive potential within specific soil and climatic contexts. While many introduced varieties have been previously characterized in controlled or regionally distinct environments, their ecological plasticity and stability under heterogeneous environmental conditions remain insufficiently substantiated [4].
J. Khosilbekov, M.Kh. Yunusova, G.M.Mukhammadjonova
INTEGRATED PEDAGOGICAL APPROACHES IN TEACHING ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES (ESP) FOR PSYCHOLOGY STUDENTS: A FRAMEWORK FOR PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE
This study explores the integration of discipline-specific content into English language instruction for undergraduate psychology students. Teaching English for Specific Purposes (ESP) in the field of psychology requires a dual focus: the acquisition of complex terminological lexicons and the development of empathetic communication skills in a second language (L2). Through a mixed-methods research design involving 80 psychology students, this paper evaluates the efficacy of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) and Case-Based Learning (CBL). The results demonstrate that incorporating psychological case studies and simulated therapeutic dialogues significantly enhances both linguistic proficiency and professional readiness.
PUBLICISTIC AND ARTISTIC STYLE: LANGUAGE MEANS AND POSSIBILITIES OF EXPRESSION
This article analyzes the language means of the publicistic and artistic style and their expressive capabilities. The publicistic style is distinguished by its reliance on clarity, conciseness and expressiveness in covering current issues in society. It widely uses socio-political lexicon, emotional evaluative units, rhetorical questions and exclamations. The artistic style is characterized by imagery, visuality and aesthetic impact, enriching the reader's imagination through figurative means such as metaphors, epithets, metaphors, comparisons. The article highlights the similarities and differences of both styles, their communicative functions and their role in the development of speech culture. It also scientifically and theoretically substantiates that the appropriate use of language tools increases the impact of the text. The results of the research are of great importance for stylistics, text linguistics and practical speech culture.
Boboraimova Fazilat Boboraim kizi, Laylo Normuradovna Elmuradova
IMPORTANCE OF GREEN ALGAE IN THE ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
Despite being invisible, benthic algae, the youngest type of plant found in nature, are of great importance in the plant world. Because the formation of soil and the purity of the aquatic environment are directly related to algae.
THE ROLE OF DIGITALIZATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AUTHORITIES AT THE PRESENT STAGE
This thesis is devoted to analyzing the role and significance of digitalization in the development of emergency management authorities at the present stage. The thesis examines issues related to the prevention of emergency situations, rapid response, strengthening inter-agency cooperation, and improving the effectiveness of managerial decision-making through the implementation of digital technologies. The research findings demonstrate that digitalization is a key factor in transforming the emergency management system from a reactive approach to a proactive and preventive management model. In addition, the thesis substantiates the need to pay special attention to technical infrastructure, human resource capacity, and information security in the process of digital transformation.
ARTISTIC AND POETIC FUNCTIONS OF THE RETROSPECTIVE METHOD IN NOVELLAS
This thesis examines the artistic and poetic functions of the retrospective method in novellas as an important narrative technique in modern prose. Retrospection is analyzed as a compositional and aesthetic device that enables authors to expand temporal boundaries, deepen psychological characterization, and enhance semantic richness within a compact narrative form. The study focuses on the role of retrospection in revealing characters’ inner worlds, structuring the plot, and creating emotional and symbolic layers through the interaction of past and present. Special attention is given to the subjective nature of retrospective narration and its connection with memory, perception, and narrative perspective. The findings demonstrate that the retrospective method performs multiple artistic and poetic functions, contributing to thematic coherence, narrative dynamism, and philosophical depth. The thesis concludes that retrospection remains a relevant and expressive narrative strategy in novellas, reflecting the complexity of human experience and the aesthetic potential of prose fiction.
THE IMAGE OF IDENTITY IN HENRY JAMES’ NOVEL “THE WINGS OF DOVE”
Henry James is one of the authors who made a significant contribution to the development of American Realism, which has not lost its importance in American literature since the 19th century, and is crucial even in the 20th century and serves as the foundation stone of Psychological Realism. “The wings of Dove ” is a 1902 novel by Henry James. It tells the story of Milly Theale, an American heiress stricken with a serious disease, and her effect on the people around her. Some of these people befriend Milly with honourable motives, while others are more self-interested.
METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING STUDENTS' KNOWLEDGE OF ASSISTING HISTORICAL TERMS
In the context of globalization, the use of foreign languages, in particular English, in the process of teaching history is an important factor in improving the quality of education. The fact that the majority of scientific research and sources on modern historiography are published in English requires students to master historical terms in depth.
DEVELOPING LISTENING SKILLS IN ENGLISH LESSONS
In the modern education system, the process of teaching foreign languages, in particular, English, is recognized as one of the important factors ensuring the country's competitiveness in the global arena. Mastering foreign languages ​​includes not only increasing vocabulary or knowing grammatical rules, but also skills such as listening and understanding speech correctly, understanding meaning through listening, and correctly interpreting information heard in the process of communication. In this regard, listening activities are an integral and fundamental part of English language education.
DETERMINISM AND INDETERMINISM: A PHILOSOPHICAL EXAMINATION
The debate between determinism and indeterminism addresses one of the most fundamental questions in philosophy: whether all events are causally determined or whether genuine randomness and freedom exist in the universe. This article analyzes classical and contemporary arguments supporting determinism and indeterminism, examining their metaphysical and ethical implications. Through comparative philosophical analysis, the study evaluates the logical coherence and practical consequences of both positions. The findings suggest that while determinism provides a strong explanatory framework for natural phenomena, indeterminism plays a crucial role in discussions of freedom, moral responsibility, and quantum theory. The problem remains central to metaphysics and the philosophy of science.
THE MODERN INTERPRETATION OF MORAL VALUES
Moral values have always played a central role in human society, guiding behavior and shaping social norms. However, in the modern world characterized by globalization, technological development, and cultural diversity, traditional moral frameworks are increasingly reinterpreted. This article analyzes the transformation of moral values in contemporary society and examines the philosophical foundations of modern ethical thought. Through comparative analysis of classical and modern ethical theories, the study evaluates how moral concepts such as justice, responsibility, and dignity are understood today. The findings suggest that while core moral principles remain significant, their interpretation has become more pluralistic and context-dependent.
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AND SPORT PSYCHOLOGY: ENHANCING ATHLETES’ MENTAL PREPAREDNESS THROUGH MOBILE APPLICATIONS, VR TRAINING, AND BIOFEEDBACK
This article analyzes the role and significance of modern digital technologies in sport psychology. It examines how mobile applications, virtual reality (VR) training, and biofeedback technologies are being utilized to enhance athletes’ mental preparedness, their effectiveness, and future prospects. Research findings demonstrate that the integration of digital technologies into sport psychology significantly improves athletes’ attention concentration, stress management, and motivation levels.
Sharipov Bakhrom Buriyevich, Shukurov Mirshod Karimovich
DESIGNING METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORKS FOR EVALUATING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF PHARMACY ORGANIZATIONS
In the current conditions of rapid development of the pharmaceutical market and growing competition, effective assessment of the competitiveness of pharmacy organizations is becoming a key factor in their successful functioning. This article is devoted to the development of methodological approaches to assessing the competitiveness of pharmacies based on a comprehensive analysis of the factors influencing their activities. The main attention is paid to the systematization of existing assessment methods, as well as the proposal of new approaches that take into account modern trends and changing market conditions.
Ubaydullaeva Fariza Azamatovna, Аmirova Gavhar Baratovna, Uralova Gulxayo Akbaraliyevna