Ethiopian International Multidisciplinary Research Conferences
Ethiopian International Multidisciplinary Research Conferences Ethiopian International Multidisciplinary Research Conferences is an open-access international conference platform here we publish international conferences that are held by the EIMRC Group.
PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN BILINGUAL LEARNER’S DICTIONARIES: ANALYSIS BASED ON ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
This thesis examines the representation of phraseological units in bilingual dictionaries based on a comparative-analytical study of the English and Uzbek languages. The research provides a scholarly analysis of the semantic, stylistic, and cultural aspects of phraseological units, as well as the issues of equivalence that arise in the process of translation. In particular, different degrees of equivalence-full, partial, and zero equivalence-are identified and the methods of their representation in dictionaries are critically analyzed.
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IMPROVING THE WAGE PAYMENT SYSTEM IN CONSTRUCTION ORGANIZATIONS
This thesis examines the theoretical and practical aspects of accounting for labor remuneration in construction organizations. The study analyzes wage forms and payment systems, their accounting, documentation, and the procedures for recording them in бухгалтерiya (financial) accounting. In addition, the specific features of the construction industry, the role of wage accounting in increasing labor productivity, and ways to improve labor remuneration based on current regulatory and legal documents are considered.
Khabibullayev Abdulaziz Bakhrom ugli, Bayzakova Dilbar Fayziyevna
THE IMPORTANCE OF LABOR RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN ENSURING ECONOMIC STABILITY
The article covers the theoretical foundations of Human Resource Management in the economy during today's globalization. The study is based on the fact that human resources are the main factor in the effective organization of production and improving the quality of products.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SYSTEMIC AND CARDIAC MANIFESTATIONS OF MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE IN CHILDREN
An analysis of modern data on the prevalence and causes of the formation of mitral valve prolapse in children is carried out. Cardiac and extracardial manifestations of mitral valve prolapse are described. The results of electrocardiographic and echocardiographic examination of children are presented. The most frequent phenotypic manifestations of connective tissue dysplasia in children with mitral valve prolapse were identified.
MODULATION IN MUSIC THEORETICAL LITERATURE AND INNOVATIVE METHODS OF TEACHING IT
This article analyzes the concept of modulation, one of the key topics in music theory, based on the scientific views of various musicologists. It also highlights the pedagogical effectiveness of using modern innovative and interactive methods in teaching modulation. The study demonstrates ways to develop students’ harmonic thinking, musical ear, and independent analytical skills.
MODELS OF DEVELOPMENT OF SERVICE ENTERPRISES AND THEIR IMPORTANCE
This article analyzes the development models of service enterprises and their economic significance. The study examines innovative, digital transformation, cluster, and customer-oriented management models and evaluates their impact on service quality, competitiveness, and enterprise efficiency. Key factors influencing the development of service enterprises are identified, and practical recommendations are proposed to improve their performance.
ISSUES OF PEDAGOGICAL COMPETENCES OF FUTURE PRIMARY TEACHERS.
This article contains information about the importance of forming and developing professional and pedagogical competencies of future primary education teachers and students of primary education.
QUANTUM TUNNELLING EFFECT IN TEACHING THE FUNDAMENTALS OF NANOPHYSICS IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
This article examines the specific aspects of the quantum tunneling effect in teaching the basics of nanophysics in higher education institutions.
THE ROLE OF STATISTICAL EVALUATION IN ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY
The article highlights additional opportunities for increasing production and reducing costs in small business activities based on the selection of optimal approaches to the economic-statistical analysis of data across regions. It also presents forecast indicators for production in small business entities.
CONSTITUTIONAL STATUS OF DIGITAL RIGHTS: THE UZBEKISTAN EXPERIENCE
This thesis analyzes the constitutional status of digital rights in the Republic of Uzbekistan and their legal nature. Drawing on the Law on Electronic Government (2015), the Law on Electronic Document Circulation (2004), and the Law on Personal Data (2019), the national regulatory framework for digital rights is examined and recommendations for its improvement are proposed.
PRINCIPLES OF ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES IN UZBEKISTAN'S LEGISLATION: REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AND COMPARATIVE LEGAL CONTEXT
This paper examines the principles of administrative procedures under the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan 'On Administrative Procedures' of January 8, 2018 (No. ZRU-457). Paper looks at Articles 8–19 through a formal legal lens and highlights where the rules fall short, both in how they are designed and how they work in practice. It also compares Uzbekistan’s approach with Kazakhstan’s 2020 Administrative Procedural and Processual Code, focusing on key structural and substantive differences. In the end, the paper offers practical recommendations, particularly on how to better define the limits of administrative discretion.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND MORPHOMETRIC CHANGES IN THE ENDOMETRIUM AND MYOMETRIUM OF THE UTERUS DURING PUBERTY
Uterine diseases are very common among women on earth, but the percentage varies depending on the specific type of disease, age group, and region. According to WHO data: Fibromyoma (uterine fibroids) – occurs in about 20-40% of women at reproductive age, endometriosis – is detected in 10-15% of women, and in infertile women it can be up to 30-50%. Also, inflammatory diseases of the lining of the uterus (endometritis, salpingitis) – occur in 5-10% of total women, but more often in women of reproductive age, uterine cancer – relatively less, in 1-2% of women develop throughout life, but differ depending on age and area. However, in developed countries, where prevention and diagnosis are good, some diseases are quickly detected and treated, while in developing countries, high rates may be observed.
Xojanazarova Saulekhan Jubatirovna,Akhmedov Bakhtiyor Elmurodovich,Umatalieva Sevara Abdurasul kizi
MORPHOLOGICAL AND MORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF THE BRONCHI DURING THE SECOND CHILDHOOD PERIOD (8 YEARS)
According to statistics, up to 40% of children admitted to the pulmonology department by emergency medical services are patients with bronchoobstructive syndrome. Despite the general clinical signs characterized by choking attacks, stretching of breathing, cough with low sputum, sometimes noisy and flattering breathing with the involvement of the respiratory auxiliary muscles, bronchoobstructive syndrome causes heterogeneous diseases. The most common causes of the development of the syndrome are bronchial asthma, obstructive bronchitis (OB), and defects in the development of the lungs and bronchi. The main importance in the pathogenesis of bronchial obstruction in respiratory infections is due to the heterogeneous activity of the bronchi in the description of inflammation, bronchospasm and mucosal hypersecretion, swelling of the mucous membrane of the bronchi, its inflammatory infiltration.
Sadikova Zumrad Shavkatovna,Kholdosheva Maftuna Narzulla kizi,Adkhamova Mubina Gulom kizi
ANATOMY OF THE VASCULAR SYSTEM OF THE LIVER (Vena portae, arteria hepatica, venous outflow)
The vascular system of the liver is a complex and unique anatomical and functional structure that provides a double blood supply to the organ. The liver (hepar) receives blood from both the portal vein (vena portae) and the hepatic artery (arteria hepatica propria), which causes its high metabolic activity. The relevance of the topic is due to the importance of studying the vascular architecture of the liver for clinical practice, especially in surgery, transplantology and diagnostics of vascular pathologies. The purpose of this work is a comprehensive study of the anatomy of the vascular system of the liver, including the features of portal circulation, arterial inflow and venous outflow.
ANATOMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE HUMAN LIVER (HEPAR)
The liver (hepar) is the largest parenchymal gland in the human body and is central to the metabolic regulation system. Due to the variety of functions performed, the liver participates in maintaining homeostasis, providing detoxification, synthetic processes, energy balance and immunological protection of the body. The relevance of studying the anatomical and physiological features of the liver is due to the high prevalence of hepatobiliary diseases and the importance of this organ in clinical practice. The purpose of this work is a comprehensive consideration of the anatomical structure and physiological properties of the human liver.
OPERATIVE IATROGENESIS IN OBSTETRIC PRACTICE: ERRORS AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES
Operative iatrogenesis, defined as medical complications resulting from healthcare interventions, remains a significant contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality. This retrospective study analyzed cases of maternal complications and deaths associated with operative errors in a tertiary maternity hospital from 2018 to 2024. The most common errors included surgical technique failures, anesthesia complications, and delayed interventions. These errors frequently resulted in severe outcomes such as hemorrhage, sepsis, organ injury, and maternal death. The study highlights the importance of protocol adherence, timely recognition of complications, and multidisciplinary management to reduce operative iatrogenic events.
Allanazarov Ismoiljon Musurmonkulovich , Abduvaxobova Sevinch Imom kizi
THE ROLE OF EXTRAGENITAL DISEASES IN MATERNAL MORTALITY: A CLINICAL ANALYSIS
Maternal mortality remains a critical global health issue, with increasing attention being given to indirect causes such as extragenital diseases. This study aimed to analyze the role and clinical characteristics of non-obstetric conditions in maternal mortality. A retrospective clinical study was conducted at a tertiary maternity hospital over the period 2018–2024, including 60 cases of maternal death associated with extragenital pathology. Data were collected from medical records, laboratory findings, and autopsy reports. The results showed that cardiovascular diseases (30%) were the leading cause among extragenital factors, followed by viral hepatitis (20%), other chronic conditions (20%), viral-bacterial pneumonia (16.7%), and parasitic diseases (13.3%). Most maternal deaths occurred during the third trimester, and delayed diagnosis along with inadequate management were identified as key contributing factors. The findings highlight the significant impact of extragenital diseases on maternal mortality and emphasize the need for early diagnosis, multidisciplinary care, and improved clinical management. Strengthening antenatal screening and integrating specialized care can reduce mortality rates associated with non-obstetric conditions.
Allanazarov Ismoiljon Musurmonkulovich, Abulqosimov Komron Zuxriddin ugli
IATROGENIC PATHOLOGIES AND THEIR IMPACT ON MATERNAL MORTALITY: MODERN APPROACHES AND PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES
Maternal mortality remains a significant public health concern worldwide, with indirect causes, including iatrogenic pathologies, increasingly recognized as critical contributors. This study aimed to analyze the role of iatrogenic complications in maternal mortality, identify the most common types, and propose modern strategies for prevention and management. A retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary-level maternity hospital over the period 2018–2024, including 40 maternal deaths associated with iatrogenic factors. Data were collected from medical records, surgical and anesthesia reports, laboratory findings, and autopsy reports. Complications were classified into surgical errors, drug-related complications, anesthesia-related events, procedural/instrumental errors, and diagnostic delays. Results showed that surgical errors were the leading cause (37.5%), followed by drug-related complications (25%), anesthesia-related complications (15%), procedural errors (12.5%), and diagnostic delays (10%). The analysis highlighted a major problem: insufficient adherence to surgical protocols and delayed recognition of complications. Proposed solutions include standardized surgical checklists, team-based training, real-time intraoperative monitoring, and early recognition protocols. These findings underscore the importance of a problem-solution approach in obstetric care to reduce preventable maternal deaths. Implementing evidence-based interventions can significantly enhance patient safety and improve maternal outcomes.
Mamayusufov Beknazar Abror ugli , Allanazarov Ismoiljon Musurmonkulovich
IMPACT OF VIRAL HEPATITIS ON MATERNAL HEALTH AND RISK FACTORS FOR MATERNAL MORTALITY
Viral hepatitis is a significant contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Physiological changes during pregnancy, including immunosuppression and increased liver stress, increase susceptibility to severe complications. This retrospective study analyzed 50 pregnant women diagnosed with viral hepatitis between 2018 and 2024, assessing the impact of different hepatitis types on maternal outcomes. Hepatitis B was the most common type, while Hepatitis E had the highest case-fatality rate. Major complications included liver dysfunction, coagulopathy, and maternal death. Delayed diagnosis and inadequate monitoring were identified as key risk factors for poor outcomes. Early detection, timely intervention, and multidisciplinary management are essential strategies to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality associated with viral hepatitis.
Mirzatillayev Samandar Jahongir ugli , Allanazarov Ismoiljon Musurmonkulovich
MEDICATION-RELATED IATROGENESIS AND ADVERSE DRUG EFFECTS IN PREGNANT WOMEN: RISKS, PATTERNS, AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Medication-related iatrogenesis is an increasingly recognized contributor to maternal morbidity and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Physiological changes during pregnancy alter pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, increasing the risk of adverse drug reactions. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, types, and consequences of drug-related iatrogenic events in pregnant women, identify high-risk medications, and assess clinical outcomes. A retrospective review of 2018–2024 maternal hospital records was conducted, analyzing cases of maternal morbidity and mortality linked to drug therapy. Findings indicate that the most frequent adverse effects were hepatotoxicity, allergic reactions, hypotension, and preterm labor. High-risk medications included antibiotics, NSAIDs, antihypertensives, anticoagulants, and certain anti-epileptic drugs. Early recognition, careful prescription practices, and monitoring are essential to minimize harm. Multidisciplinary management and adherence to evidence-based guidelines significantly reduce maternal and fetal complications.
Mirzayeva Malika Muroddin kizi , Allanazarov Ismoiljon Musurmonkulovich
COMPLICATIONS AND OUTCOMES OF VIRAL AND VIRAL-BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA DURING PREGNANCY
Pneumonia is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide, with viral and viral-bacterial infections posing the highest risks during pregnancy. Physiological changes in the respiratory and immune systems increase susceptibility to severe infections, particularly in the third trimester. This retrospective study analyzed 50 pregnant women admitted with pneumonia between 2018 and 2024, comparing outcomes between viral and viral-bacterial pneumonia. Viral-bacterial pneumonia accounted for 56 percent of cases and was associated with higher rates of respiratory failure, ICU admission, sepsis, and maternal mortality. Delayed diagnosis and inadequate treatment were identified as primary contributors to poor outcomes. Early recognition, timely intervention, and standardized management protocols are essential to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. The study highlights the importance of preventive strategies, close monitoring, and multidisciplinary care for pregnant women with pneumonia.
Samadova Mehriniso Komil kizi , Allanazarov Ismoiljon Musurmonkulovich
THE IMPACT OF RHEUMATIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES ON MATERNAL MORTALITY
Cardiovascular diseases, including rheumatic heart disease, are among the leading indirect causes of maternal mortality worldwide. Pregnancy places significant physiological stress on the heart, increasing the risk of complications in women with pre-existing cardiac conditions. This retrospective study analyzed maternal mortality cases from 2018 to 2024 in a tertiary maternity hospital, focusing on women with rheumatic or other cardiovascular diseases. The study found that rheumatic heart disease and other cardiovascular conditions were major contributors to maternal deaths, with common complications including heart failure, arrhythmias, and thromboembolism. Late diagnosis, insufficient monitoring, and inadequate multidisciplinary care were key risk factors for poor outcomes. Early screening, timely management, and coordinated care between obstetricians and cardiologists are essential to reduce maternal mortality related to cardiovascular diseases.
To’ychiyev Ahliddin Farxodovich, Allanazarov Ismoiljon Musurmonkulovich
IMPACT OF PARASITIC INFECTIONS ON PREGNANT WOMEN AND PERINATAL OUTCOMES
Parasitic infections are a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Pregnancy-related immunosuppression increases susceptibility to infections such as malaria, toxoplasmosis, and helminthic infestations. This retrospective study analyzed 60 pregnant women diagnosed with parasitic infections between 2018 and 2024, assessing maternal complications and perinatal outcomes. The most common infection was malaria, followed by toxoplasmosis and helminthic infections. Major maternal complications included anemia, preterm labor, and severe infection, while perinatal outcomes included low birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, and neonatal death. Delayed diagnosis and inadequate treatment were identified as key risk factors for poor outcomes. Early screening, timely intervention, and appropriate preventive measures are essential to reduce adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with parasitic infections.
Umatillayev Sardor Umid ugli , Allanazarov Ismoiljon Musurmonkulovich
COURSE OF INFECTIOUS AND PARASITIC DISEASES IN PREGNANT WOMEN AND THEIR IMPACT ON MATERNAL MORTALITY
Maternal mortality remains a major global health concern, with infectious and parasitic diseases representing a significant proportion of indirect causes. This study aimed to analyze the course of these diseases in pregnant women and evaluate their contribution to maternal mortality. A retrospective clinical study was conducted at a tertiary maternity hospital over the period 2018–2024, including 60 maternal mortality cases associated with infectious and parasitic conditions. The findings showed that viral infections, particularly hepatitis, were the leading causes of maternal death, followed by pneumonia, parasitic diseases, and sepsis. Most deaths occurred during the third trimester, and severe disease progression was strongly associated with poor outcomes. A key problem identified was the delay in diagnosis and inadequate treatment, which significantly increased mortality risk. The study concludes that early detection, timely intervention, and standardized treatment protocols are essential for reducing maternal mortality related to infectious and parasitic diseases. Strengthening preventive strategies and improving clinical management can significantly enhance maternal outcomes.
Usmonaliyeva Farida Kamoliddin kizi , Allanazarov Ismoiljon Musurmonkulovich
COMBINED IMPACT OF EXTRAGENITAL AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES ON MATERNAL MORTALITY: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS
Maternal mortality remains a pressing global health issue, with indirect causes increasingly contributing to adverse outcomes. Among these, the combination of extragenital diseases, such as cardiovascular or endocrine disorders, and infectious diseases, including viral, bacterial, or parasitic infections, poses a complex risk to maternal health. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, interactions, and consequences of these combined conditions in maternal deaths. A retrospective analysis of maternal mortality cases from 2018 to 2024 was conducted in a tertiary maternity hospital. Data included medical records, laboratory results, and autopsy reports. Findings indicate that the coexistence of extragenital and infectious diseases significantly increases the risk of severe maternal complications and mortality compared to either condition alone. Key contributing factors included delayed diagnosis, inadequate monitoring, and insufficient multidisciplinary care. Early identification, integrated management strategies, and proactive monitoring were identified as critical interventions to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.
Zokiriy Abdulazim Rustam ugli , Allanazarov Ismoiljon Musurmonkulovich
THE ARTISTIC REPRESENTATION OF TASHKENT IN ALEKSANDR FAYNBERG’S WORKS
This article analyzes the artistic representation of Tashkent in the works of Aleksandr Faynberg. It highlights how the city of Tashkent is depicted not only as a geographical place but also as a spiritual and aesthetic image. The study also explores how the poet expresses love for the homeland, human values, and the beauty of life through urban imagery.
ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF THE INNOVATIVE MODEL AND ITS EFFECTIVENESS IN ENHANCING TOURIST ATTRACTIVENESS
The article analyzes the experimental results of the innovative model “Cultural Heritage – Living Tourism” implemented in the cities of Bukhara, Samarkand, and Khiva, as well as its effectiveness in increasing tourist attractiveness. In the experimental group (EG, 8 sites), the overall score increased from 2.52 to 3.91 (+34.6%), while in the control group (CG) the increase was only +2.5%. Cohen’s d across all indicators ranged from 1.12 to 1.48 (large effect size). Tourist satisfaction increased by 42.4%, tourist numbers by 28.4%, and artisans’ income by 34.2%. The return on investment was 1:4.2, with a payback period of 2.4 years.
NEW WAYS OF WORKING WITH VOCABULARY IN DIGITAL EDUCATION
This article analyzes new technological tools, interactive methods, and online resources used in digital learning environments for teaching foreign languages, particularly for developing and enhancing vocabulary. Digital tools provide significant advantages over traditional methods in improving students’ linguistic competence, strengthening vocabulary, and fostering a culture of independent learning.
AN’ANAVIY O‘ZBEK XALQ HUNARMANDCHILIGI JAHON ILM-FANI VA MADANIY MEROS KONTEKSTIDA
Ushbu maqola an’anaviy o‘zbek hunarmandchiligining bugungi kundagi holati, tarmoqlarning rivojlanish xususiyatlari, ajdodlardan saqlanib kelayotgan noyob hunar turlarining dunyo hamjamiyatida o‘rganilish tendensiyalariga bag‘ishlanadi. Shuningdek, hunarmandchilik turlari insoniyatning noyob madaniy bilimi sifatida tan olingan va uning saqlanishi avlodlar orasidagi bilimlar uzluksizligini ta’minlashga bog‘liqligi ta’kidlangan.
INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO REPRESENTING PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN MASS MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES AND ELECTRONIC DICTIONARIES UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF LITERATURE INTEGRATION
This article analyzes innovative methods of studying and representing phraseological units in the context of the integration of literature and modern information technologies. The issues of improving the effectiveness of teaching phraseological expressions through electronic dictionaries, digital platforms, and multimedia tools are highlighted. In addition, the role of interactive technologies in revealing the semantic and cultural characteristics of phraseological units is substantiated.
THE STYLISTIC ROLE OF FRENCH ADOPTIONS IN ENGLISH LITERATURE.
This article explores the syntactic adaptation of English borrowings in contemporary French, focusing on how these borrowings are integrated into French grammar. Language borrowing is a natural consequence of globalization, cultural exchange, and technological advancement, with English serving as a dominant source of lexical enrichment for French. Through detailed analysis of borrowed nouns, verbs, adjectives, and idiomatic expressions, this study examines the grammatical modifications necessary for integrating English borrowings into French, including gender assignment, verb conjugation, and sentence structure. The article also highlights the challenges posed by phonetic and orthographic differences, as well as the tension between linguistic purism and natural language evolution. Drawing comparisons with other languages, such as Polish and Spanish, this comprehensive analysis provides insights into the future of English borrowings in French and the broader implications of linguistic adaptation in a globalized world.
THE USE OF MEDICAL TERMS IN THE UZBEK LANGUAGE
This thesis examines the use of medical vocabulary in the Uzbek language and its significance in linguistic, educational, and professional contexts. Medical terminology is an essential part of healthcare communication because it serves not only specialists, but also patients, translators, students, and the wider public. In Uzbek, the medical lexicon has developed under the influence of several linguistic sources, including Latin, Greek, Russian, English, and native lexical units. As a result, medical terminology in Uzbek demonstrates both richness and variation, which creates opportunities for development as well as problems of synonymy, inconsistency, and adaptation. The study shows that the use of medical terms in Uzbek is closely related to the strengthening of Uzbek as the state language and to the broader need for clear scientific communication. Special attention is given to the role of medical dictionaries, translation practice, and terminology teaching in medical education. The analysis indicates that students and specialists often face phonetic, semantic, and methodological difficulties when working with medical vocabulary, especially because many terms circulate in several parallel forms. The thesis concludes that medical terminology in Uzbek should be developed through standardization, careful translation, and modern lexicographic support. This would improve both professional communication and public understanding of medical information.
RATIONALE FOR EARLY NEONATAL RADICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF BLADDER EXTROPHY WITHOUT OSTEOTOMY
Bladder exstrophy (BE) remains one of the most severe malformations in pediatric urology. Traditional multi-stage surgical approaches, which involve delayed intervention (after 2-3 months of age) and traumatic pelvic osteotomy, are associated with a high risk of severe complications, including complete wound dehiscence. Therefore, the search for less invasive and biomechanically sound approaches is highly relevant.
PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS ENSURING THE PSYCHOLINGUISTIC EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERACTIVE METHODS
This article examines the pedagogical conditions that ensure the psycholinguistic effectiveness of interactive teaching methods in language learning. It analyzes how interactive approaches influence cognitive processes, speech production, and communicative competence. The study highlights the importance of motivation, emotional environment, and learner-centered strategies in enhancing language acquisition.
In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has become an increasingly influential factor in modern education, particularly in the field of language learning. The rapid development of intelligent technologies has led to the emergence of various AI-powered tools designed to support learners in acquiring new languages more effectively. These tools provide a wide range of learning activities, including vocabulary practice, grammar correction, pronunciation training, and real-time communication. The main aim of this paper is to examine the role of AI in improving English language proficiency among learners. It analyzes different types of AI-based tools and evaluates their effectiveness in second language acquisition. The study also discusses the advantages and challanges of AI in language education and highlights possible future developments in this area.
ПРОБЛЕМА КУЛЬТУРНОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ В ЛИТЕРАТУРЕ ДИАСПОРЫ
В статье рассматривается проблема культурной идентичности в литературе диаспоры как одного из ключевых феноменов современного литературоведение. Анализируются механизмы формирования и трансформации идентичности в условиях миграции, культурной гибридности и транснационального взаимодействия. Особое внимание уделяется роли памяти, языка и травматического опыта в конструировании диаспоральной идентичности. На основе междисциплинарного подхода, включающего культурология и психолингвистика, выявляются основные особенности художественного отражения идентичности в диаспоральных текстах. Делается вывод о том, что идентичность в литературе диаспоры носит динамический, гибридный и многослойный характер.
DIGITAL STORYTELLING TOOLS AND METHODOLOGIES IN ESL
Digital storytelling (DS) has emerged as a transformative pedagogical approach in English as a Second Language (ESL) education, combining narrative techniques with digital media tools. This article explores the most effective DS tools, platforms, and methodologies for ESL teaching, highlighting their impact on language acquisition, learner engagement, and multimodal literacy. The study examines case studies and pedagogical frameworks that integrate DS into ESL classrooms, discussing advantages, challenges, and best practices. Findings indicate that DS facilitates authentic language use, enhances motivation, and develops students’ creativity, technological proficiency, and collaboration skills.
IMMUNE MECHANISMS OF SUBCLINICAL MYOCARDIAL INJURY IN ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION: THE ROLE OF CYTOKINES AND REMODELING FACTORS
Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with arterial hypertension being one of the major modifiable risk factors for ischemic heart disease. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to subclinical myocardial injury, which precedes the clinical manifestation of coronary pathology. Immunoinflammatory mechanisms, including cytokine imbalance, complement activation, and myocardial remodeling, play a key role in these processes; however, their prognostic significance remains insufficiently studied.
LINGUOCULTUROLOGICAL FEATURES OF EUPHEMISTIC SUBSTITUTIONS IN MODERN ENGLISH AND UZBEK POLITICAL COMMUNICATION.
In modern political communication, language functions not only as a means of conveying information but also as a powerful instrument of shaping public perception and ideological influence. Among various linguistic devices, euphemisms occupy a central place due to their ability to mitigate, obscure, or strategically reframe sensitive or controversial issues. Euphemistic substitutions allow political actors to present reality in a more acceptable or favorable way, thereby influencing how audiences interpret political messages.
DEVELOPMENT OF MUSICAL PERCEPTION IN CHILDREN THROUGH ORGANIZING MUSIC LISTENING ACTIVITIES IN PRESCHOOL EDUCATION
This article discusses the development of musical perception in children through effective organization of music listening activities in preschool education institutions. It analyzes methodological approaches considering children's age and psychological characteristics.
CREATIVE APPROACHES TO THE PERFORMANCE OF CLASSICAL ASHULA
This study examines pedagogical methods for developing vocal technique, intonation, articulation, and creative expression in students. It also discusses the possibilities of helping students deeply understand the content, rhythmic and melodic features of ashula during the performance process, as well as fostering creative thinking and artistic taste. The article highlights the importance of studying classical ashula art through effective organization of listening, analysis, and performance exercises.
FORMATION OF TRADITIONAL VOCAL PERFORMANCE SKILLS IN FUTURE MUSIC EDUCATION TEACHERS
This article widely covers the issues of teaching the theoretical and practical foundations of forming traditional vocal performance skills in future music education teachers, as well as introducing the specific features of national vocal art. It also discusses the development of students’ vocal abilities, the expansion of their creative thinking, and increasing their interest in national musical heritage.
AUTOMATED MUNICIPAL WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING IOT AND MOBILE APPLICATIONS
This article investigates an automated urban waste management system using IoT and mobile applications through a systematic and integrated approach. The study is based on the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, international experiences, and modern information and communication technologies. The proposed solution enables digitalization of waste collection and transportation processes, reduces transport costs, improves environmental conditions, and establishes interactive communication between operators and users. Consequently, the system contributes significantly to optimizing city management, efficiently managing waste, and implementing the smart city concept in practice.
Hamrayeva Gulnoz Rustamovna , Sevara Boboqulova
ON THE FEATURES OF SEMANTIC CHANGE IN BILINGUAL LEARNER’S DICTIONARIES
This thesis analyzes the semantic features of bilingual learner’s dictionaries based on the transformational linguistics approach. The study examines the semantic structure of lexical units, their transformational relationships, and issues of semantic equivalence in the translation process. The results demonstrate that transformational analysis is an important method for improving the effectiveness of bilingual dictionaries.
METHODS OF LANGUAGE LEARNING: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF CONTEMPORARY PEDAGOGICAL APPROACHES
The acquisition of a second or foreign language represents one of the most complex cognitive undertakings an individual may pursue, necessitating the employment of carefully designed pedagogical methods. This article examines the principal methods of language learning — namely Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), cognitive and grammar-based approaches, Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT), and Technology-Enhanced Language Learning (TELL) — with a view to evaluating their theoretical foundations, practical applications, and relative effectiveness. Drawing upon established scholarship in applied linguistics and second language acquisition, the study argues that no single method may be deemed universally superior; rather, an eclectic, learner-centred integration of multiple approaches seems to yield the most sustainable outcomes. The article further contends that the ongoing advancement of digital technologies is fundamentally reshaping the landscape of language pedagogy, offering unprecedented opportunities for authentic and personalised learning experiences.
Tursunova Sug’diyona Norqo’zi qizi, Abdullayeva Zarina Dilshodbekovna
CHILDHOOD PNEUMONIA AND RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL PERSPECTIVES
Respiratory infections remain one of the leading causes of morbidity and hospitalization among children worldwide. Due to the unique anatomical and immunological characteristics of the pediatric population, respiratory illnesses present with distinct clinical features and require specific diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This article provides an overview of common respiratory infections in children, including acute respiratory viral infections, pneumonia, and bronchitis, with emphasis on their clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and management strategies.
TRAUMA, PATHOLOGY, AND POSTMORTEM CHANGES IN BONE AND MUSCLE: FORENSIC IMPLICATIONS
The study of altered bone and muscle tissue plays an essential role in forensic medicine, particularly in the determination of trauma mechanisms, postmortem interval, and causes of death. This article reviews the forensic significance of pathological and traumatic changes in skeletal and muscular structures. Special emphasis is placed on morphological alterations, histological findings, and their diagnostic value in forensic investigations. The analysis demonstrates that bone and muscle tissue alterations serve as critical evidence for reconstructing the circumstances of injury and evaluating the vitality of lesions.
MILITARY CAMPAIGNS OF AMIR TEMUR: STRATEGIC ANALYSIS AND HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE
This article provides a comprehensive scientific analysis of the military campaigns of the great commander of the 14th century, Amir Temur. The process of unifying Transoxiana, the policy of occupying the territories of Khorasan and Iran, his complex relations with the Golden Horde, the Indian campaign and his victory in the Battle of Ankara are covered in detail. His military strategy, army structure, logistics system and the economic and political results of the campaigns are also revealed.
ASSESSMENT OF POSTNATAL SPINAL DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH PATTERNS IN CHILDREN BORN TO MOTHERS WITH COVID-19 INFECTION
This study evaluates postnatal spinal development and growth patterns in children born to mothers who experienced COVID-19 infection during pregnancy. The review focuses on potential morphological and functional changes in early childhood, emphasizing anthropometric indicators that reflect vertebral growth. Current literature is analyzed to determine possible associations between prenatal SARS-CoV-2 exposure and musculoskeletal development outcomes.
IMPROVEMENT OF PRIMARY EDUCATION WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE STRATEGY "UZBEKISTAN - 2030" ON THE BASIS OF AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH
This article examines the improvement of primary education based on an integrative approach within the framework of the “Uzbekistan – 2030” strategy. The study substantiates the imtortance of interdisciplinary integration in developing students’ competencie, improving educational quality, and implementing modern pedagogical technologies. The results indicate that the integrative approach serves as an effective methodological tool for achieving strategic educational goals.
Nazarova Dilnoza Eraliyevna,Mamatkobilova Mekhriniso Abduganiyevna
METHODOLOGY OF USING DIDACTIC MATERIALS IN TEACHING NATURAL SCIENCE IN PRIMARY EDUCATION
This article explores the methodological foundations of using didactic materials in teaching natural sciences at the primary education level. The study highlights the role of visual, interactive, and practical teaching aids in enhancing students’ cognitive activity, critical thinking, and learning outcomes. Special attention is given to the selection, implementation, and effectiveness of didactic materials in accordance with learners’ age characteristics. The research concludes that properly designed and systematically applied didactic materials significantly improve the quality and efficiency of primary science education.