RELATIONS BETWEEN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND TURKESTAN DURING THE REIGNS OF ABDULLAH KHAN II AND UBAYDULLAH KHAN (16TH–19TH CENTURIES)
Keywords:
Ottoman Empire, Turkestan, Abdullah Khan II, Bukhara Khanate, Khiva Khanate, Kokand Khanate, political relations, Russian expansion, Chinese policy.Abstract
This article examines the political and cultural relations between the Ottoman Empire and the Turkestan khanates (Bukhara, Khiva, Kokand) from the 16th to the 19th centuries. Starting with the reign of Abdullah Khan II, Ottoman–Uzbek relations were built upon religious solidarity and pragmatic interests, expressed through diplomatic missions, correspondence, joint military strategies, and religious support. With the rise of Russian and Chinese expansion in the 19th century, these ties weakened, yet the khanates continued to regard the Ottomans mainly as symbolic and spiritual supporters.
References
Mustafa Budak, Osmanlı-Özbek Siyasi Münasebetleri.
M. Alpargu-M. Çelik, “Nadir Şah’ın Batı Türkistan Seferi ve Sonuçları”, Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi.
Mehmet Alpargu-M.Bilal Çelik, “Özbek Hanlıkları”.
Mehmet Saray, Rus İşgali Devrinde Osmanlı Devleti İle Türkistan Hanlıkları Arasındaki Siyasi Münasebetleri (1785-1875), (İstanbul: İstanbul Matbaası, 1984).
M.Bilal Çelik, 1805-1865 Yılları Arasında Buhara Emirliği, s.151-155. 62 Mehmet Saray, Rus İşgali
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