THE PROCESS OF GLOBALIZATION: ITS ETYMOLOGY, GENESIS, AND THEORETICAL DESCRIPTION

Abstract

One of the most important aspects of the 21st century, globalization, is vividly evident in the critical areas of national societies: social, economic, environmental and cultural processes. The foundation of globalization is formed by the international integration of the social, economic, and cultural activities of national state structures. The rapid development of information technologies has further accelerated the process of international integration, leading to its global significance. The genesis of the globalization process encompasses various periods. Sources indicate that the concept was initially applied in the field of education during the 1930s and was used to mean “developing and generalizing ideas”. By the mid-century, British scholar Arnold Joseph Toynbee employed it in the sense of “global awareness” or “global challenges”. In the 1980s, the term was interpreted in the field of economics as “the globalization of markets” and within a decade, it extended to encompass all fields. This article highlights the etymology, genesis, and theoretical description of the globalization process.