ENHANCING SPEAKING SKILLS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING: PEDAGOGICAL APPROACHES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

Abstract

Speaking is one of the most complex and demanding skills in second and foreign language learning. Although learners may acquire substantial grammatical knowledge and vocabulary, many struggle to use English effectively in spoken communication. This article examines the nature of speaking skills, the major barriers faced by English language learners, and pedagogical strategies aimed at improving oral proficiency. Emphasis is placed on communicative competence, classroom interaction, learner motivation, and the role of teachers in facilitating meaningful speaking opportunities. In addition, the paper discusses assessment practices and the growing influence of educational technology on speaking instruction. The study concludes that systematic practice, learner-centered methodology, and supportive learning environments are essential for enhancing speaking skills in English language education.