EARLY DETECTION OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES AND ITS IMPACT

Abstract

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a significant pregnancy-related condition characterized by glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Early detection of GDM is crucial for preventing adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, such as preeclampsia, macrosomia, and neonatal hypoglycemia. This article reviews both international and Uzbek clinical research on early screening methods, including fasting plasma glucose, oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), and emerging biochemical markers like homocysteine and leptin. Findings show that early diagnosis, especially before 24 weeks of gestation, allows for timely intervention and improved perinatal outcomes. Uzbek studies underscore the importance of adapting national screening protocols to include high-risk assessments and earlier diagnostic testing. The article concludes by highlighting the need for increased awareness, healthcare professional training, and access to testing services in Uzbekistan.