TYPES AND PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BREAST CANCER.

Abstract

Breast cancer, a heterogeneous malignancy, is the most common cancer among women globally, with diverse histological types and pathomorphological features influencing prognosis and treatment. This article explores the types and pathomorphological characteristics of breast cancer, focusing on invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and rare subtypes, alongside their histopathological patterns, molecular profiles, and clinical implications. The study analyzes biopsy and surgical specimens from 500 breast cancer patients, identifying IDC in 70%, ILC in 15%, DCIS in 10%, and rare subtypes (e.g., mucinous, medullary) in 5%. Globally, breast cancer affects 2.3 million women annually, with a 5-year survival rate of 90% in high-income countries but only 60% in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Risk factors, including hormone receptor positivity (ER/PR+, 75%, OR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.8–3.4), HER2 overexpression (20%, OR = 3.0, 95% CI: 2.1–4.3), and BRCA mutations (10%, OR = 4.2, 95% CI: 2.8–6.3), were prevalent in 85% of cases. This study aims to enhance diagnostic precision, inform treatment strategies, and address disparities in breast cancer care, particularly in LMICs like Uzbekistan.